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SPOCK2 SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9806, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
SPOCK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:13564
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000107742 MIM:607988; AllianceGenome:HGNC:13564
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
testican-2
Summary
This gene encodes a protein which binds with glycosaminoglycans to form part of the extracellular matrix. The protein contains thyroglobulin type-1, follistatin-like, and calcium-binding domains, and has glycosaminoglycan attachment sites in the acidic C-terminal region. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Expression
Biased expression in lung (RPKM 58.9), brain (RPKM 55.4) and 13 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See SPOCK2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
10q22.1
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (72059034..72089032, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (72929867..72959865, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (73818792..73848790, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73729339-73729882 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73729883-73730426 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73733189-73733688 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73738687-73739188 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3526 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3527 Neighboring gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:73751377-73751550 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73757484-73758436 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902448 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73828839-73829346 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73829527-73830028 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73840535-73841319 Neighboring gene activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA36 family Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:73950125-73950295 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 14

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Tan Z, et al. Respir Res, 2023 May 10. PMID 37165378, Free PMC Article
  2. Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD. Wen D, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2023 Jan 1. PMID 36288905, Free PMC Article
  3. SPOCK2 Promotes the Malignant Behavior of Ovarian Cancer via Regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Zhao S, et al. Biomed Res Int, 2022. PMID 36193300, Free PMC Article
  4. Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health. Ngo D, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020 Oct 6. PMID 32958645, Free PMC Article
  5. Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells. Ren F, et al. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2021 Mar. PMID 32851893

See all (31) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
    Title: SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
  2. Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
    Title: Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
  3. SPOCK2 and SPRED1 function downstream of EZH2 to impede the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
    Title: SPOCK2 and SPRED1 function downstream of EZH2 to impede the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
  4. Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD.
    Title: Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD.
  5. Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells.
    Title: Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells.
  6. SPOCK2 Affects the Biological Behavior of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulation of MT1-MMP and MMP2.
    Title: SPOCK2 Affects the Biological Behavior of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulation of MT1-MMP and MMP2.
  7. Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health.
    Title: Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health.
  8. Dysregulation of pseudogene/lncRNA-hsa-miR-363-3p-SPOCK2 pathway fuels stage progression of ovarian cancer.
    Title: Dysregulation of pseudogene/lncRNA-hsa-miR-363-3p-SPOCK2 pathway fuels stage progression of ovarian cancer.
  9. The upregulation of SPOCK2-encoded Testican2 proteoglycan and of ectodysplasin (EDA) protein was coupled with a down-regulation of EDA2 receptor (EDA2R).
    Title: Studies on sporadic non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysms: II. Alterations of extra-cellular matrix components and focal adhesion proteins.
  10. candidate susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia; lung expression pattern indicates potential role in alveolarization
    Title: Identification of SPOCK2 as a susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ97039

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables calcium ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables extracellular matrix binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables glycosaminoglycan binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in extracellular matrix organization NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell motility TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell differentiation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synapse assembly NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular matrix NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
testican-2
Names
SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2
SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2
sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001134434.1 → NP_001127906.1  testican-2 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001127906.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) shares only the two most-5' exons with variant 2 and has a distinct exon at its 3' end. This results in a protein (isoform 1) with a severely truncated C-terminus that lacks a SPARC_EC domain when compared to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA922448, AK307091, AW026489, DA150747, DC305070
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS44431.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q92563
    Related
    ENSP00000397715.1, ENST00000412663.5

  2. NM_001244950.2 → NP_001231879.1  testican-2 isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001231879.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has a different 5' UTR, compared to variant 2. Variants 2 and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC022392, BC023558, BQ029472
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7313.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    C9J767, Q6UW87, Q92563
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K8G3
    Related
    ENSP00000362201.2, ENST00000373109.7
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00280
    Location:147 → 180
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
    cd00191
    Location:312 → 376
    TY; Thyroglobulin type I repeats.; The N-terminal region of human thyroglobulin contains 11 type-1 repeats TY repeats are proposed to be inhibitors of cysteine proteases
    cd00252
    Location:198 → 316
    SPARC_EC; SPARC_EC; extracellular Ca2+ binding domain (containing 2 EF-hand motifs) of SPARC and related proteins (QR1, SC1/hevin, testican and tsc-36/FRP). SPARC (BM-40) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, a matricellular protein, that functions to regulate ...
    pfam10591
    Location:197 → 303
    SPARC_Ca_bdg; Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine Ca binding region

  3. NM_014767.2 → NP_055582.1  testican-2 isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055582.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer protein (isoform 2). Variants 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC022392, AY358921, BP252465, BQ002304, D87465, DA150747, DC305070
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7313.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    C9J767, Q6UW87, Q92563
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K8G3
    Related
    ENSP00000321108.4, ENST00000317376.8
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00280
    Location:147 → 180
    KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
    cd00191
    Location:312 → 376
    TY; Thyroglobulin type I repeats.; The N-terminal region of human thyroglobulin contains 11 type-1 repeats TY repeats are proposed to be inhibitors of cysteine proteases
    cd00252
    Location:198 → 316
    SPARC_EC; SPARC_EC; extracellular Ca2+ binding domain (containing 2 EF-hand motifs) of SPARC and related proteins (QR1, SC1/hevin, testican and tsc-36/FRP). SPARC (BM-40) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, a matricellular protein, that functions to regulate ...
    pfam10591
    Location:197 → 303
    SPARC_Ca_bdg; Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine Ca binding region

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    72059034..72089032 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    72929867..72959865 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q92563.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q92563

Gene LinkOut

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