U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

POLR2M RNA polymerase II subunit M [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 81488, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
POLR2Mprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
RNA polymerase II subunit Mprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14862
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000255529 MIM:606485; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14862
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GCOM1; Gdown; Gdown1; GRINL1A
Summary
This gene encodes a subunit of a specific form of RNA polymerase II termed Pol II(G). The encoded protein may act as a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by the Mediator complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 4. Readthrough transcription between this gene and the neighboring upstream gene MYZAP (myocardial zonula adherens protein) is represented with GeneID 145781. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in endometrium (RPKM 23.6), ovary (RPKM 17.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
15q21.3
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 15 NC_000015.10 (57706714..57717557)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 15 NC_060939.1 (55509157..55519990)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 15 NC_000015.9 (57998912..58009755)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6473 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:57896294-57896868 Neighboring gene myocardial zonula adherens protein Neighboring gene GCOM1, MYZAP-POLR2M combined locus Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6474 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903589 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9464 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6475 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370834 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:58043407-58044159 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:58044582-58045178 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6476 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1312 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9465 Neighboring gene calponin 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Nuclear export restricts Gdown1 to a mitotic function. Ball CB, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 2022 Feb 28. PMID 35048979, Free PMC Article
  2. Gdown1 Associates Efficiently with RNA Polymerase II after Promoter Clearance and Displaces TFIIF during Transcript Elongation. DeLaney E, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 27716820, Free PMC Article
  3. Regulation of RNA polymerase II termination by phosphorylation of Gdown1. Guo J, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 May 2. PMID 24634214, Free PMC Article
  4. Functional interactions of the RNA polymerase II-interacting proteins Gdown1 and TFIIF. Mullen Davis MA, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 Apr 18. PMID 24596085, Free PMC Article
  5. Regulation of mammalian transcription by Gdown1 through a novel steric crosstalk revealed by cryo-EM. Wu YM, et al. EMBO J, 2012 Aug 29. PMID 22850672, Free PMC Article

See all (66) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Nuclear export restricts Gdown1 to a mitotic function.
    Title: Nuclear export restricts Gdown1 to a mitotic function.
  2. The tumor suppressor MIR139 is silenced by POLR2M to promote AML oncogenesis.
    Title: The tumor suppressor MIR139 is silenced by POLR2M to promote AML oncogenesis.
  3. The relatively slow functional loading of Gdown1 in the presence of TFIIF.
    Title: Gdown1 Associates Efficiently with RNA Polymerase II after Promoter Clearance and Displaces TFIIF during Transcript Elongation.
  4. Data indicate that phosphorylation of Gdown1 on Ser-270 reduces Its affinity for RNA polymerase II.
    Title: Regulation of RNA polymerase II termination by phosphorylation of Gdown1.
  5. Modification of TFIIF provides one pathway through which efficient Gdown1 loading can occur early in elongation, allowing downstream pausing to be regulated.
    Title: Functional interactions of the RNA polymerase II-interacting proteins Gdown1 and TFIIF.
  6. Gdown1 competes with TFIIF for binding to the RPB1 and RPB5 subunits of Pol II, thereby inhibiting an essential function of TFIIF in preinitiation complex assembly.
    Title: Transcriptional regulation by Pol II(G) involving mediator and competitive interactions of Gdown1 and TFIIF with Pol II.
  7. Gdown1 stabilizes poised polymerases while maintaining their responsiveness to P-TEFb.
    Title: Functional association of Gdown1 with RNA polymerase II poised on human genes.
  8. Data identify GRINL1A as a membrane-associated DYNLL1 binding partner and suggest that additional DYNLL1-binding partners are present near this glutamate channel homolog.
    Title: Structural basis for the interaction between dynein light chain 1 and the glutamate channel homolog GRINL1A.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The transcription factors and kinases c-Jun, JNK, MEK, p38 MAPK, STAT-3, JAK-1, TFII D, TFII F, eIF-4E, and RNA polymerase II are induced by HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
Tat tat A small molecule compound C3 inhibits HIV-1 replication by suppressing HIV-1 Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression and phosphorylation of RNAPII through inhibition of Tat binding to CycT1 PubMed
tat JQ1, a small molecule inhibitor of Brd4, directly dissociates Brd4 from HIV-1 promoter and promotes subsequent HIV-1 Tat binding to HIV-1 promoter, resulting in increased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and viral transcription PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat complexes with RNA polymerase II and cellular transcription factors as part of the HIV-1 transcription preinitiation and elongation complexes and stimulates RNA polymerase II processivity by inducing the phosphorylation of its C-terminal Domain PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr interacts with basal transcription complexes such as P-TEFb, TFIIH, TFIID (TBP) and TFIIB which activate RNA polymerase II gene transcription PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Readthrough GCOM1

Readthrough gene: GCOM1, Included gene: MYZAP

Homology

Clone Names

  • DKFZp586F1918

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA polymerase II complex binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription elongation factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in maintenance of ER location IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in I band IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of RNA polymerase II, core complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
part_of RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in intracellular anatomical structure IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in nuclear envelope IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nuclear envelope IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
part_of transcription preinitiation complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
protein GRINL1A
Names
GRINL1A downstream protein Gdown4
glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate-like 1A
polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide M
polymerase (RNA) II subunit M

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029676.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5012..15855
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001018102.3 → NP_001018112.1  protein GRINL1A isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001018112.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as Gdown6) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK128618, AL050091, AY339380, BF939412
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42045.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P0CAP1, P0CAP2, Q6EEV4
    Related
    ENSP00000369930.4, ENST00000380557.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15328
    Location:34 → 84
    GCOM2; Putative GRINL1B complex locus protein 2

  2. NM_015532.5 → NP_056347.1  protein GRINL1A isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_056347.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK074955, AL050091, AY339380, BF939412
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32252.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P0CAP2, Q6EER8, Q6EES2, Q6EEV3, Q6EF00, Q6EF01, Q6EF02, Q6EF46, Q6EFN8, Q6EM48, Q6K046, Q6K050, Q6K051, Q6ZQZ3, Q8NC58, Q8NCF3, Q96DI5, Q96JB7, Q96NF5, Q9Y3V6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53ER8
    Related
    ENSP00000299638.3, ENST00000299638.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15328
    Location:27 → 241
    GCOM2; Putative GRINL1B complex locus protein 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000015.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    57706714..57717557
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060939.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    55509157..55519990
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NR_027390.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NR_027390.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P0CAP2.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0CAP2
Q6EEV4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6EEV4

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous