U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

PTP4A2 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8073, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
PTP4A2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9635
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000184007 MIM:601584; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9635
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HH13; OV-1; PRL2; HH7-2; PRL-2; PTP4A; HU-PP-1; PTPCAAX2; ptp-IV1a; ptp-IV1b
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 11, 12 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 58.0), bone marrow (RPKM 56.7) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
1p35.2
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (31906421..31938368, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (31764401..31796321, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (32372022..32403969, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 576 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903930 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32253763-32254538 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 578 Neighboring gene SPOC domain containing 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 653 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 654 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 579 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:32303933-32304116 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 655 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 656 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 657 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 658 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC128031832 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32389035-32389578 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 659 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 660 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:32403472-32403643 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 581 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 661 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32409768-32410302 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32419864-32420642 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32420643-32421419 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32421420-32422197 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 665 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 666 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 667 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32473819-32474378 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32479704-32480274 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 583 Neighboring gene KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs645 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32526442-32527054 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15509 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7843 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32532900-32533694 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:32537939-32538544 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 39B Neighboring gene microRNA 5585

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Magnesium-sensitive upstream ORF controls PRL phosphatase expression to mediate energy metabolism. Hardy S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2019 Feb 19. PMID 30718434, Free PMC Article
  2. Phosphatase PRL2 promotes AML1-ETO-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Kobayashi M, et al. Leukemia, 2017 Jun. PMID 28220038, Free PMC Article
  3. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 expression predicts overall and disease-free survival of human breast cancer and is associated with estrogen and progestin receptor status. Andres SA, et al. Horm Cancer, 2013 Aug. PMID 23568563, Free PMC Article
  4. Altered expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver gene family in non-small cell lung cancer. Hwang JJ, et al. Oncol Rep, 2012 Feb. PMID 21993571
  5. Overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL-2 correlates with breast tumor formation and progression. Hardy S, et al. Cancer Res, 2010 Nov 1. PMID 20841483

See all (53) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. A FRET-based screening method to detect potential inhibitors of the binding of CNNM3 to PRL2.
    Title: A FRET-based screening method to detect potential inhibitors of the binding of CNNM3 to PRL2.
  2. Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis.
    Title: Mechanism of PRL2 phosphatase-mediated PTEN degradation and tumorigenesis.
  3. study identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in the proliferation and survival of human T-ALL cells; demonstrated that PRL2 is important for the leukemogenic potential of oncogenic NOTCH1 in vivo
    Title: Phosphatase PRL2 promotes oncogenic NOTCH1-Induced T-cell leukemia.
  4. altered PRL-2 expression leads to metabolic reprogramming of the cells. These findings uncover a magnesium-sensitive mechanism controlling PRL expression, which plays a role in cellular bioenergetics
    Title: Magnesium-sensitive upstream ORF controls PRL phosphatase expression to mediate energy metabolism.
  5. identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in the proliferation and survival of human AML cells. Further, we demonstrated that PRL2 is essential for the leukemogenic potential of AML1-ETO9a in vivo
    Title: Phosphatase PRL2 promotes AML1-ETO-induced acute myeloid leukemia.
  6. Our findings highlight the important role of miR-29c in regulating CRC EMT via GSK-3b/b-catenin signaling by targeting GNA13 and PTP4A and provide new insights into the metastatic basis of colorectal cancer
    Title: MiR-29c mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal carcinoma metastasis via PTP4A and GNA13 regulation of β-catenin signaling.
  7. PTP4A2 expression is correlated with overall survival in progestin receptor-positive breast carcinomas.
    Title: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 expression predicts overall and disease-free survival of human breast cancer and is associated with estrogen and progestin receptor status.
  8. Results suggest that TRP32 maintains the reduced state of PRL and thus regulates the biological function of PRL.
    Title: Thioredoxin-related protein 32 (TRP32) specifically reduces oxidized phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL).
  9. Studies indicate that PRL-1 and PRL-2 and PRL-3 are oncogenes and belong to the few phosphatases that lead to the development of cancer.
    Title: Molecular mechanisms of the PRL phosphatases.
  10. Results suggest a model in which PRL-2 promotes cell migration and invasion through an ERK1/2-dependent signaling pathway.
    Title: Metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-2 regulates tumor cell migration and invasion.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein tyrosine phosphatase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in dephosphorylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in early endosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2
Names
PTP(CAAXII)
phosphatase of regenerating liver 2
protein tyrosine phosphatase IVA
protein tyrosine phosphatase IVA2
protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 2
protein-tyrosine phosphatase of regenerating liver 2
NP_001182029.1
NP_001182030.1
NP_001356787.1
NP_001356788.1
NP_001356789.1
NP_536316.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001195100.2 → NP_001182029.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182029.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 3), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC018662, BC070181
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS59193.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q12974
    Related
    ENSP00000473490.1, ENST00000602683.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl28904
    Location:1 → 130
    PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

  2. NM_001195101.2 → NP_001182030.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182030.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 4), compared to isoform 1. Variants 4 and 5 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC018662, BC070181
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53292.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q12974
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl28904
    Location:1 → 124
    PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

  3. NM_001369858.1 → NP_001356787.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC070181
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53292.1
    Related
    ENSP00000409260.2, ENST00000457805.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl28904
    Location:1 → 124
    PTP_DSP_cys; cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily

  4. NM_001369859.1 → NP_001356788.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC070181, BI549454, DB503104
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS348.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
    Related
    ENSP00000497092.1, ENST00000649841.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd18536
    Location:1 → 155
    PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

  5. NM_001369860.1 → NP_001356789.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC070181, DB503104
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS348.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
    Related
    ENSP00000473259.1, ENST00000602725.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd18536
    Location:1 → 155
    PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

  6. NM_080391.4 → NP_536316.1  protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_536316.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1, 6 and 7 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL136115, BC018662, BC070182, BM996809
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS348.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K9I8, B4DM39, D3DPP0, E9PGJ6, O00649, Q12974, Q15197, Q15259, Q15260, Q15261, R4GN50
    Related
    ENSP00000493688.1, ENST00000647444.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd18536
    Location:1 → 155
    PTP-IVa2; protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    31906421..31938368 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    31764401..31796321 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_003479.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_003479.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) candidate.

  2. NM_080392.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_080392.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q12974.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q12974

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous