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PTGES2 prostaglandin E synthase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 80142, updated on 7-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PTGES2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
prostaglandin E synthase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:17822
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000148334 MIM:608152; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17822
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GBF1; GBF-1; PGES2; C9orf15; mPGES-2
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been shown to activate the transcription regulated by a gamma-interferon-activated transcription element (GATE). Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 13.3), kidney (RPKM 10.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
9q34.11
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (128120693..128128440, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (140328727..140336488, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (130882972..130890719, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20323 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29070 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 25 member 25 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130835790-130836290 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130836291-130836791 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4771 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130853709-130854229 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130854230-130854750 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130859824-130860560 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130860561-130861298 Neighboring gene SLC25A25 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4689 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29071 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29072 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20324 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29073 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20325 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20326 Neighboring gene PTGES2 antisense RNA 1 (head to head) Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130900289-130900788 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr9.2942 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:130908453-130908952 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20327 Neighboring gene lipocalin 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Senescent thyrocytes and thyroid tumor cells induce M2-like macrophage polarization of human monocytes via a PGE2-dependent mechanism. Mazzoni M, et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019 May 21. PMID 31113465, Free PMC Article
  2. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2: cellular distribution and expression in Alzheimer's disease. Chaudhry U, et al. Exp Neurol, 2010 Jun. PMID 19664621, Free PMC Article
  3. Association analysis between the prostaglandin E synthase 2 R298H polymorphism and body mass index in 8079 participants of the KORA study cohort. Fischer A, et al. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 2009 Apr. PMID 19371221
  4. Prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism and parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Lindner I, et al. Mol Nutr Food Res, 2007 Dec. PMID 17979097
  5. Association of prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism with type 2 diabetes in two German study populations. Nitz I, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2007 Aug. PMID 17566096

See all (67) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Inhibiting cholesterol de novo synthesis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating prostaglandin E synthase 2-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism under high fatty acid conditions.
    Title: Inhibiting cholesterol de novo synthesis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating prostaglandin E synthase 2-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism under high fatty acid conditions.
  2. Parasitic load determination by differential expressions of 5-lipoxygenase and PGE2 synthases in visceral leishmaniasis.
    Title: Parasitic load determination by differential expressions of 5-lipoxygenase and PGE2 synthases in visceral leishmaniasis.
  3. This suggests that the interaction with the microenvironment occurs at both early and late thyroid tumor stages, and favors tumor progression. The co-expression of PTGS2 gene and M2 markers in human thyroid carcinoma highlights the possibility to counteract tumor growth through COX-2 inhibition.
    Title: Senescent thyrocytes and thyroid tumor cells induce M2-like macrophage polarization of human monocytes via a PGE2-dependent mechanism.
  4. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms in two genes in the PGE2 family, PTGES2 and PTGER4, were significantly associated with primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
    Title: Genetic variation in the prostaglandin E2 pathway is associated with primary graft dysfunction.
  5. high immunoreactivity of mPGES-2 in pyramidal neurons of AD brains indicates that it might have a potential role in the functional replacement of cytosolic PGES or inactive mPGES-1 in later stages of Alzheimer disease
    Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2: cellular distribution and expression in Alzheimer's disease.
  6. These results indicate that mPGES-1 and mPGES-2 may each play a role in colorectal cancer progression.
    Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase protein levels correlate with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
  7. all three terminal prostaglandin synthases, mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES, are over-expressed in human gliomas
    Title: The terminal prostaglandin synthases mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES are all overexpressed in human gliomas.
  8. A marginal but significant influence of the PTGES2 298H single nucleotide polymorphism on BMI was found in a large population-based study.
    Title: Association analysis between the prostaglandin E synthase 2 R298H polymorphism and body mass index in 8079 participants of the KORA study cohort.
  9. Observational study and meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Polymorphism in the IL18 gene and epithelial ovarian cancer in non-Hispanic white women.
  10. risk-reducing effects of the minor His allele of the prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism could be mediated partly by lowered body mass index (BMI)
    Title: Prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism and parameters of the metabolic syndrome.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ14038, MGC11289

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables glutathione binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables heme binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables lyase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables lyase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cyclooxygenase pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in lipid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in azurophil granule lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
prostaglandin E synthase 2
Names
GATE-binding factor 1
gamma-interferon-activated transcriptional element-binding factor 1
mPGE synthase-2
membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase 2
microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2
prostaglandin-H(2) E-isomerase
NP_001243264.1
NP_079348.1
NP_945176.1
XP_011517352.1
XP_024303456.1
XP_047279857.1
XP_054219846.1
XP_054219847.1
XP_054219848.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012488.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5467..12503
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001256335.2 → NP_001243264.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243264.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and uses a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 2 and 5 encode isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL590708, BC011613, BG481657
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1
    Related
    ENSP00000482913.1, ENST00000617202.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd03197
    Location:33 → 179
    GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

  2. NM_025072.7 → NP_079348.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_079348.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL590708, BC011613
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS6891.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q53EW9, Q5SYV6, Q96GI0, Q96GL2, Q9H7Z7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KPZ2
    Related
    ENSP00000345341.6, ENST00000338961.11
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03197
    Location:224 → 370
    GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2
    cd03040
    Location:101 → 177
    GST_N_mPGES2; GST_N family; microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2 (mPGES2) subfamily; mPGES2 is a membrane-anchored dimeric protein containing a CXXC motif which catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2. Unlike cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES) and microsomal ...

  3. NM_198938.3 → NP_945176.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_945176.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and uses a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 2 and 5 encode isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK057049, AK301618, AL590708, BC011613
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1
    Related
    ENSP00000277462.5, ENST00000277462.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd03197
    Location:33 → 179
    GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    128120693..128128440 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011519050.2 → XP_011517352.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517352.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd03197
    Location:33 → 179
    GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

  2. XM_024447688.2 → XP_024303456.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1
    Related
    ENSP00000503821.1, ENST00000677691.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd03197
    Location:33 → 179
    GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

  3. XM_047423901.1 → XP_047279857.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7I2V5X6
    Related
    ENSP00000504746.1, ENST00000678916.1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    140328727..140336488 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054363872.1 → XP_054219847.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0

  2. XM_054363873.1 → XP_054219848.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0

  3. XM_054363871.1 → XP_054219846.1  prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7I2V5X6

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_198939.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_198939.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

  2. NM_198940.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_198940.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.

  3. NR_027812.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NR_027812.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9H7Z7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H7Z7

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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