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TAC3 tachykinin precursor 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6866, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TAC3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
tachykinin precursor 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11521
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000166863 MIM:162330; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11521
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
NK3; NKB; HH10; NKNB; PRO1155; ZNEUROK1; LncZBTB39
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the tachykinin family of secreted neuropeptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature peptide, which is primarily expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and functions as a neurotransmitter. This peptide is the ligand for the neurokinin-3 receptor. This protein is also expressed in the outer syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and may be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
Expression
Restricted expression toward placenta (RPKM 93.9) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
12q13.3
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (57010000..57016529, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (56977869..56984399, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (57403784..57410313, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902945 Neighboring gene retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans) pseudogene Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr12.2240 Neighboring gene G protein-coupled receptor 182 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4567 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4568 Neighboring gene zinc finger and BTB domain containing 39 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57423222-57424059 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6520 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6521 Neighboring gene myosin IA Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57440635-57441834 Neighboring gene nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6522 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6523 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6524 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4569 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4570 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6525

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Endocytic recycling prevents copper accumulation in astrocytoma cells stimulated with copper-bound neurokinin B. Menon R, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020 Mar 12. PMID 31952788
  2. Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonism Reveals Roles for Neurokinin B in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion and Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women. Skorupskaite K, et al. Neuroendocrinology, 2018. PMID 28380486
  3. Basal Serum Neurokinin B Levels in Differentiating Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty from Premature Thelarche. Parlak M, et al. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 2017 Jun 1. PMID 28008860, Free PMC Article
  4. Serum neurokinin B levels in newly diagnosed nondipper hypertensive patients. Akkoyun DC, et al. Blood Press Monit, 2015 Jun. PMID 25647283
  5. The role of neurokinin B signalling in reproductive neuroendocrinology. Grachev P, et al. Neuroendocrinology, 2014. PMID 24356581

See all (73) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The overexpression of neurokinin B-neurokinin 3 receptor system exerts direct effects on the ovary under PCOS-like conditions to interfere with mitochondrial function.
    Title: The overexpression of neurokinin B-neurokinin 3 receptor system exerts direct effects on the ovary under PCOS-like conditions to interfere with mitochondrial function.
  2. Serum kisspeptin, leptin, neuropeptide Y, and neurokinin B levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Title: Serum kisspeptin, leptin, neuropeptide Y, and neurokinin B levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.
  3. The role of makorin ring finger protein-3, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B in the physiology of minipuberty.
    Title: The role of makorin ring finger protein-3, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B in the physiology of minipuberty.
  4. Endocytic recycling prevents copper accumulation in astrocytoma cells stimulated with copper-bound neurokinin B.
    Title: Endocytic recycling prevents copper accumulation in astrocytoma cells stimulated with copper-bound neurokinin B.
  5. The administration of an NK3R antagonist indicates a role for Neurokinin B in the regulation of luteinising hormone (LH)/gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in postmenopausal women, whereas the lack of response to kisspeptin may reflect the hypo-oestrogenic state. These data support a link of LH/GnRH pulsatility and vasomotor symptoms with NK3R antagonism as a potential therapeutic approach.
    Title: Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonism Reveals Roles for Neurokinin B in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion and Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women.
  6. Data suggest that basal serum neurokinin B level can be used as an adjunctive parameter to differentiate idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) from premature thelarche (PT).
    Title: Basal Serum Neurokinin B Levels in Differentiating Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty from Premature Thelarche.
  7. acts through NK3 receptors in granulosa cells to stimulate steroid production
    Title: Neurokinin B Exerts Direct Effects on the Ovary to Stimulate Estradiol Production.
  8. mutations in TAC and TACR3 are not a common cause for ICPP.
    Title: Mutational analysis of TAC and TACR3 in idiopathic central precocious puberty.
  9. Plasma neurokinin B level is higher in patients with NDHT, indicating an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis.
    Title: Serum neurokinin B levels in newly diagnosed nondipper hypertensive patients.
  10. Colocalization experiments provided evidence for the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in KP-immunoreactive (IR) and perikarya and in KP-IR and NKB-IR axon varicosities.
    Title: Colocalization of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript with kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the human infundibular region.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (46)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in female pregnancy TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of blood pressure IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular space TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
tachykinin-3
Names
LncZBTB39-1:2
gamma tachykinin 3
neurokinin b
neuromedin K
preprotachykinin B
tachykinin 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_021398.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5032..11561
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001178054.2 → NP_001171525.1  tachykinin-3 isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171525.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter and lacks the entire Neurokinin-B peptide compared to isoform 1. The encoded isoform (2) and may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF537121, BE500999, BP212420
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53803.1
    Related
    ENSP00000408208.1, ENST00000441881.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03823
    Location:1 → 53
    Neurokinin_B; Neurokinin B

  2. NM_013251.4 → NP_037383.1  tachykinin-3 isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_037383.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC032145
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8928.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q6IAG2, Q71BC6, Q71BC9, Q9UHF0
    Related
    ENSP00000404056.2, ENST00000458521.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03823
    Location:1 → 54
    Neurokinin_B; Neurokinin B

RNA

  1. NR_033654.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has an additional internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AY358679
    Related
    ENST00000357616.7

  2. NR_135164.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains two alternate internal exons resulting in a longer transcript compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF537114, BE500999, BP212420
    Related
    ENST00000438756.5

  3. NR_135165.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) contains an alternate internal exon resulting in a longer transcript compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF537117, BE500999, BP212420

  4. NR_135166.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate exon and contains an alternate exon resulting in a longer transcript compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF537120, BE500999, BP212420

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    57010000..57016529 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    56977869..56984399 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_001006667.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_001006667.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9UHF0.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UHF0

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