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Bco1 beta-carotene oxygenase 1 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 63857, updated on 21-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Bco1provided by MGI
Official Full Name
beta-carotene oxygenase 1provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:1926923
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000031845 AllianceGenome:MGI:1926923
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Bcdo; CMO1; Cmoi; Bcdo1; Bcmo1; beta-CD; betaCMOOX
Summary
Vitamin A metabolism is important for vital processes such as vision, embryonic development, cell differentiation, and membrane and skin protection. The protein encoded by this gene is a key enzyme in beta-carotene metabolism to vitamin A. It catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of beta,beta-carotene into two retinal molecules. Two alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]
Expression
Biased expression in testis adult (RPKM 9.3), liver E18 (RPKM 2.0) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
8 E1; 8 63.61 cM
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 8 NC_000074.7 (117822590..117860459)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 8 NC_000074.6 (117095851..117133720)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000074.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene polycystic kidney disease 1 like 2 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 31519 Neighboring gene predicted gene 15395 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22807 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E8266 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2275 Neighboring gene giant axonal neuropathy Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr8:119748493-119748794 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22810 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22812 Neighboring gene c-Maf inducing protein Neighboring gene predicted gene, 51554

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A in adipocytes drives the anti-obesogenic effects of β-carotene in mice. Coronel J, et al. Mol Metab, 2022 Dec. PMID 36400405, Free PMC Article
  2. Genetic tuning of β-carotene oxygenase-1 activity rescues cone photoreceptor function in STRA6-deficient mice. Moon J, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2023 Feb 19. PMID 36150025, Free PMC Article
  3. Inhibitory effects of fenretinide metabolites N-[4-methoxyphenyl]retinamide (MPR) and 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (3-keto-HPR) on fenretinide molecular targets β-carotene oxygenase 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and dihydroceramide Δ4-desaturase 1. Poliakov E, et al. PLoS One, 2017. PMID 28448568, Free PMC Article
  4. Mice lacking β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase exhibit reduced serum testosterone, prostatic androgen receptor signaling, and prostatic cellular proliferation. Smith JW, et al. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2016 Dec 1. PMID 27629887, Free PMC Article
  5. Cardiac dysfunction in β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase-deficient mice is associated with altered retinoid and lipid metabolism. Lee SA, et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2014 Dec 1. PMID 25260612, Free PMC Article

See all (57) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Genetic tuning of beta-carotene oxygenase-1 activity rescues cone photoreceptor function in STRA6-deficient mice.
    Title: Genetic tuning of β-carotene oxygenase-1 activity rescues cone photoreceptor function in STRA6-deficient mice.
  2. beta-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans.
    Title: β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans.
  3. provided novel experimental evidence that BCO1 and BCO2 could play a significant role in maintaining normal hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, potentially through the regulation of the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway
    Title: Ablation of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (BCO1 and BCO2) induced hepatic steatosis by altering the farnesoid X receptor/miR-34a/sirtuin 1 pathway.
  4. This is the first demonstration that Bco1 disruption lowers murine circulating testosterone levels and thereby reduces prostatic androgen receptor signaling and prostatic cellular proliferation, further supporting the role of this protein in processes more diverse than carotenoid cleavage.
    Title: Mice lacking β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase exhibit reduced serum testosterone, prostatic androgen receptor signaling, and prostatic cellular proliferation.
  5. tissue- and sex-specific effects of beta-carotene 15,15' oxygenase (BCO1) on retinoid and lipid metabolism
    Title: Tissue- and sex-specific effects of β-carotene 15,15' oxygenase (BCO1) on retinoid and lipid metabolism in adult and developing mice.
  6. BCO1 modulates heart metabolism and function, possibly by altering levels of cofactors required for the actions of nuclear hormone receptors
    Title: Cardiac dysfunction in β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase-deficient mice is associated with altered retinoid and lipid metabolism.
  7. Dietary wolfberry elevated the xanthophyll concentrations and enhanced expression of BCO2 and heat shock protein 60, activated AMPKalpha2, potentiated mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced lipid oxidation and secretion in the liver of mice.
    Title: Wolfberries potentiate mitophagy and enhance mitochondrial biogenesis leading to prevention of hepatic steatosis in obese mice: the role of AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit.
  8. Pleiotropic actions of Carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase and carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase supporting a strong role of these proteins in regulating tissue carotenoid accumulation as well as tomato carotenoid-independent regulation of lipid metabolism.
    Title: Genetic ablation of carotene oxygenases and consumption of lycopene or tomato powder diets modulate carotenoid and lipid metabolism in mice.
  9. in addition to cleaving beta-carotene to generate retinoids, CMOI serves an additional function(s) in retinoid and lipid metabolism and point to its role in the formation of specific lipids, possibly for use in nervous system tissue.
    Title: Loss of β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase in developing mouse tissues alters esterification of retinol, cholesterol and diacylglycerols.
  10. a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production.
    Title: Two carotenoid oxygenases contribute to mammalian provitamin A metabolism.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (22)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (2)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 

Pathways from PubChem

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General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables carotenoid dioxygenase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables dioxygenase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within beta-carotene metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carotene catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in carotene catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carotene catabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carotene catabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in retinal metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within retinal metabolic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinal metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinal metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in retinoid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinoid metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase
Names
beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
beta-carotene 15, 15'-dioxygenase 1
beta-carotene 15,15' dioxygenase
beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
beta-carotene cleavage enzyme
beta-carotene dioxygenase 1
carotenoid-15,15'-oxygenase
NP_001156500.1
NP_067461.2
XP_011246783.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001163028.2 → NP_001156500.1  beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001156500.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate exon in the 3' coding region resulting in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2 which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108436, AC121116, AEKQ02009580
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS52679.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9Q321
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000134815.2, ENSMUST00000176860.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:11 → 471
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  2. NM_021486.4 → NP_067461.2  beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_067461.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript but encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108436, AC121116, AEKQ02009580
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS22697.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q6K1L5, Q8C6N5, Q9ERN9, Q9JJS6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05AC0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000034308.9, ENSMUST00000034308.16
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:10 → 519
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000074.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    117822590..117860459
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011248481.3 → XP_011246783.1  beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011246783.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9Q321
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:11 → 471
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9JJS6.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9JJS6

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