U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

CCL28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 28 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 56477, updated on 31-Mar-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
CCL28provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
C-C motif chemokine ligand 28provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:17700
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000151882 MIM:605240; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17700
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MEC; CCK1; SCYA28
Summary
This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. This chemokine may play a role in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Expression
Biased expression in salivary gland (RPKM 40.6), colon (RPKM 10.6) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
5p12
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (43356975..43412391, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (43609806..43665221, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (43376747..43412493, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4627 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22535 Neighboring gene 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22536 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22537 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43313910-43314426 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43314427-43314941 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43315036-43316235 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr5.1234 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43335752-43336951 Neighboring gene 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22538 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15993 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15994 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10963 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 267 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43483998-43484841 Neighboring gene C5orf34 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_85282 Neighboring gene chromosome 5 open reading frame 34 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 19

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjögren's syndrome. Yu X, et al. Scand J Rheumatol, 2023 Mar. PMID 35048789
  2. Knockdown of CCL28 inhibits endometriosis stromal cell proliferation and invasion via ERK signaling pathway inactivation. Wu Y, et al. Mol Med Rep, 2022 Feb. PMID 34913072, Free PMC Article
  3. Hypoxia Induces Overexpression of CCL28 to Recruit Treg Cells to Enhance Angiogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Liu B, et al. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2021. PMID 33639074
  4. Expression of Chemokine CCL28 in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Lee DS, et al. Gut Liver, 2021 Jan 15. PMID 32102131, Free PMC Article
  5. CCL28 chemokine: An anchoring point bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Mohan T, et al. Int Immunopharmacol, 2017 Oct. PMID 28843907, Free PMC Article

See all (54) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Analysis of the mucosal chemokines CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17 in dry eye disease: An in vitro and clinical investigation.
    Title: Analysis of the mucosal chemokines CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17 in dry eye disease: An in vitro and clinical investigation.
  2. LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28.
    Title: LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28.
  3. Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa.
    Title: Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa.
  4. Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjogren's syndrome.
    Title: Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjögren's syndrome.
  5. Inhibition of CCL28/CCR10-Mediated eNOS Downregulation Improves Skin Wound Healing in the Obesity-Induced Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
    Title: Inhibition of CCL28/CCR10-Mediated eNOS Downregulation Improves Skin Wound Healing in the Obesity-Induced Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
  6. CCL28 Downregulation Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Progression Through Tumor Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Mechanisms.
    Title: CCL28 Downregulation Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Progression Through Tumor Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Mechanisms.
  7. Knockdown of CCL28 inhibits endometriosis stromal cell proliferation and invasion via ERK signaling pathway inactivation.
    Title: Knockdown of CCL28 inhibits endometriosis stromal cell proliferation and invasion via ERK signaling pathway inactivation.
  8. Expression of Chemokine CCL28 in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
    Title: Expression of Chemokine CCL28 in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
  9. Hypoxia Induces Overexpression of CCL28 to Recruit Treg Cells to Enhance Angiogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
    Title: Hypoxia Induces Overexpression of CCL28 to Recruit Treg Cells to Enhance Angiogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
  10. this review discusses the role of CCL28 in innate and adaptive immunity
    Title: CCL28 chemokine: An anchoring point bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (32)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of a heart failure related metabolomic profile among African Americans in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC71902

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables chemokine activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables chemokine activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables chemokine activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chemotaxis TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to nutrient IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular region IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
C-C motif chemokine 28
Names
CC chemokine CCL28
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28
mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine
small inducible cytokine A28
small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 28

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001301873.2 → NP_001288802.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288802.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC025457, AF110384, BX486632
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3944.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0N0Q3
    Related
    ENSP00000426424.1, ENST00000489442.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00048
    Location:28 → 86
    IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

  2. NM_001301874.2 → NP_001288803.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288803.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF266504, BX486632
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3944.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0N0Q3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00048
    Location:28 → 86
    IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

  3. NM_001301875.2 → NP_001288804.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288804.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate promoter, as evidenced by epigenomic data, and has an alternate 5' terminal exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC025457, CD671712
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS78006.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D6RC73
    Related
    ENSP00000422369.1, ENST00000513525.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00048
    Location:2 → 39
    IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

  4. NM_148672.3 → NP_683513.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_683513.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a). Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC025457, BX486632
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3944.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0N0Q3
    Related
    ENSP00000354416.4, ENST00000361115.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00048
    Location:28 → 86
    IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    43356975..43412391 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RNA

  1. XR_427660.3 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_925633.3 RNA Sequence

  3. XR_007058612.1 RNA Sequence

  4. XR_007058610.1 RNA Sequence

  5. XR_007058611.1 RNA Sequence

  6. XR_007058613.1 RNA Sequence

  7. XR_241706.4 RNA Sequence

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    43609806..43665221 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RNA

  1. XR_008487136.1 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_008487134.1 RNA Sequence

  3. XR_008487137.1 RNA Sequence

  4. XR_008487139.1 RNA Sequence

  5. XR_008487138.1 RNA Sequence

  6. XR_008487140.1 RNA Sequence

  7. XR_008487135.1 RNA Sequence

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_019846.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_019846.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9NRJ3.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9NRJ3

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous