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Tro trophinin [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 56191, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Troprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
trophininprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:1928994
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025272 AllianceGenome:MGI:1928994
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Tnn; Trol; Maged3; Maged3l; magphinin
Summary
Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of cell growth. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including branchial arch; early conceptus; limb; and secondary oocyte. Orthologous to human TRO (trophinin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Biased expression in CNS E18 (RPKM 39.5), whole brain E14.5 (RPKM 32.7) and 10 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
X F3; X 68.46 cM
Exon count:
15
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (149427706..149440579, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (150644710..150657583, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 Neighboring gene Alas2R1 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, erythroid Neighboring gene Alas2R3 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 Neighboring gene voltage-dependent anion channel 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L13 pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Enhancement of mouse sperm motility by trophinin-binding peptide. Park SK, et al. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2012 Nov 29. PMID 23194061, Free PMC Article
  2. Significant differences between mouse and human trophinins are revealed by their expression patterns and targeted disruption of mouse trophinin gene. Nadano D, et al. Biol Reprod, 2002 Feb. PMID 11804944
  3. Trophinin expression in the mouse uterus coincides with implantation and is hormonally regulated but not induced by implanting blastocysts. Suzuki N, et al. Endocrinology, 2000 Nov. PMID 11089559
  4. The trophinin gene encodes a novel group of MAGE proteins, magphinins, and regulates cell proliferation during gametogenesis in the mouse. Saburi S, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Dec 28. PMID 11590179
  5. Comparative expression analysis of the MAGED genes during embryogenesis and brain development. Bertrand M, et al. Dev Dyn, 2004 Jun. PMID 15162511

See all (25) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The expression of trophinin in the mouse sperm tail causes a significant increase in sperm motility.
    Title: Enhancement of mouse sperm motility by trophinin-binding peptide.
  2. Targeted disruption of the trophinin gene in the mouse showed a partial embryonic lethality in a 129/SvJ background
    Title: Significant differences between mouse and human trophinins are revealed by their expression patterns and targeted disruption of mouse trophinin gene.
  3. Maged3 expression is restricted to the central nervous system where it was mostly detected in postmitotic neurons
    Title: Comparative expression analysis of the MAGED genes during embryogenesis and brain development.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (1)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables molecular_function ND
No biological Data available
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell growth IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
trophinin
Names
melanoma antigen, family D, 3
necdin and trophinin like
trophinin-2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001002272.3 → NP_001002272.1  trophinin isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001002272.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS30465.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000108329.2, ENSMUST00000112709.8
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  2. NM_001290770.1 → NP_001277699.1  trophinin isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001277699.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150, BC075630
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS30465.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000084513.4, ENSMUST00000087258.10
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  3. NM_001290771.1 → NP_001277700.1  trophinin isoform 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS72448.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9Q098, Q99PH7
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000120457.3, ENSMUST00000151403.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family

  4. NM_001290772.1 → NP_001277701.1  trophinin isoform 5

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS81183.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9Q160, Q99PH6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000126054.2, ENSMUST00000163969.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family

  5. NM_019548.4 → NP_062421.2  trophinin isoform 3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an in-frame segment in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL672150
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53221.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9Q886, Q99PW2
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000084508.5, ENSMUST00000087253.11
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    149427706..149440579 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011247847.2 → XP_011246149.1  trophinin isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    COG1357
    Location:1432 → 1641
    YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    pfam17823
    Location:100 → 304
    DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
    NF033176
    Location:1308 → 1775
    auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1009
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  2. XM_011247848.2 → XP_011246150.1  trophinin isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    COG1357
    Location:1408 → 1617
    YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    pfam17823
    Location:100 → 304
    DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
    NF033176
    Location:1284 → 1751
    auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  3. XM_017318573.2 → XP_017174062.1  trophinin isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    COG1357
    Location:1408 → 1617
    YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    pfam17823
    Location:100 → 304
    DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
    NF033176
    Location:1284 → 1751
    auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  4. XM_017318572.2 → XP_017174061.1  trophinin isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    COG1357
    Location:1442 → 1641
    YjbI; Uncharacterized protein YjbI, contains pentapeptide repeats [Function unknown]
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    pfam17823
    Location:100 → 304
    DUF5585; Family of unknown function (DUF5585)
    NF033176
    Location:1318 → 1765
    auto_AIDA-I; autotransporter adhesin AIDA-I
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  5. XM_006528916.5 → XP_006528979.1  trophinin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006528979.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  6. XM_036162036.1 → XP_036017929.1  trophinin isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  7. XM_011247845.3 → XP_011246147.1  trophinin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011246147.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

  8. XM_011247846.3 → XP_011246148.1  trophinin isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011246148.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DIC6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    COG4372
    Location:217 → 445
    COG4372; Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains DUF3084 domain [Function unknown]
    pfam05109
    Location:20 → 243
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam01454
    Location:596 → 756
    MAGE; MAGE family
    NF033849
    Location:1454 → 1792
    ser_rich_anae_1; serine-rich protein
    cl01807
    Location:944 → 1042
    DUF1517; Protein of unknown function (DUF1517)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_207679.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_207679.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
Nucleotide Protein Strain
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