U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

PRH1 proline rich protein HaeIII subfamily 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5554, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
PRH1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
proline rich protein HaeIII subfamily 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9366
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000231887 MIM:168730; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9366
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PA; Db-s; PRH2; PIF-S; Pr1/Pr2; PRP-1/PRP-2
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the heterogeneous family of proline-rich salivary glycoproteins. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate one or more mature isoforms before secretion from the parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands. Multiple distinct alleles of this locus including the parotid isoelectric-focusing variant slow (PIF-s), the parotid acidic protein (Pa), and the double band slow (Db-s) isoforms have been characterized. The reference genome encodes the Db-s allele. Certain alleles of this gene are associated with susceptibility to dental caries. This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. Co-transcription of this gene with adjacent genes has been observed. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Expression
Restricted expression toward salivary gland (RPKM 9623.1) See more
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
12p13.2
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (10880965..11171611, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (10754065..11040818, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (11033564..11324210, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 7 pseudogene Neighboring gene PRH1-PRR4 readthrough Neighboring gene proline rich 4 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13514 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 12 pseudogene Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 13 Neighboring gene PRH1-TAS2R14 readthrough Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr12:11094509-11095708 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 14 Neighboring gene proline rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:11127502-11128380 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 15 pseudogene Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 50 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 20 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 19 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 31 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 63 pseudogene Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1573 silencer Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:11223850-11224544 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 46 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 64 pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:11261275-11261775 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 43 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 30 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 18 pseudogene Neighboring gene small integral membrane protein 10 like 1 Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 67 pseudogene Neighboring gene taste 2 receptor member 42

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Susceptibility to dental caries and the salivary proline-rich proteins. Levine M. Int J Dent, 2011. PMID 22190937, Free PMC Article
  2. Acidic proline-rich protein Db and caries in young children. Zakhary GM, et al. J Dent Res, 2007 Dec. PMID 18037651
  3. Partial purification and characterization of a polymorphic protein (Pa) in human parotid saliva. Friedman RD, et al. Am J Hum Genet, 1975 May. PMID 803013, Free PMC Article
  4. Different isoforms and post-translational modifications of human salivary acidic proline-rich proteins. Inzitari R, et al. Proteomics, 2005 Feb. PMID 15693058
  5. Alleles at the PRH1 locus coding for the human salivary-acidic proline-rich proteins Pa, Db, and PIF. Azen EA, et al. Am J Hum Genet, 1987 Dec. PMID 3687941, Free PMC Article

See all (27) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Human PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and Streptococcus mutans virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries.
    Title: Human PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and Streptococcus mutans virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries.
  2. We investigated whether PRH1 and PRH2 polymorphisms in saliva acidic proline-rich protein (PRP) receptors for indigenous bacteria match and predict individual differences in the development of caries..They instead developed 3.9-fold more caries than P1 children from plaque accumulation in general when treated with orthodontic multibrackets; and had basic PRP polymorphisms and low DMBT1-mediated S. mutans adhesion
    Title: Genetic- and Lifestyle-dependent Dental Caries Defined by the Acidic Proline-rich Protein Genes PRH1 and PRH2.
  3. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
  4. Compared with African-Americans, all Caucasians had significantly greater Streptococcus mutans colonization, but only Db-negative Caucasians had significantly more caries. Alleles linked to Db may explain racial differences in caries experience.
    Title: Acidic proline-rich protein Db and caries in young children.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Readthrough PRH1-PRR4

Readthrough gene: PRH1-PRR4, Included gene: PRR4

Readthrough PRH1-TAS2R14

Readthrough gene: PRH1-TAS2R14, Included gene: TAS2R14

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ41554, MGC74956

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2
Names
parotid acidic protein
parotid double-band protein
parotid isoelectric focusing variant protein
parotid proline-rich protein 1/2
protein C

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001291314.2 → NP_001278243.1  salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 isoform a preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278243.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (a, also known as Db-s).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB593029, BC064553
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76533.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A087WV42, A0A087WYT0

  2. NM_001291315.2 → NP_001278244.1  salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' coding region and uses an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) has a longer and distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB593029, BC064553
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P02810
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1T0A8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15240
    Location:35 → 78
    Pro-rich; Proline-rich

  3. NM_001393989.1 → NP_001380918.1  salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 isoform a preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC006518
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76533.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A087WV42, A0A087WYT0
    Related
    ENSP00000479168.1, ENST00000543626.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15240
    Location:7 → 66
    Pro-rich; Proline-rich

RNA

  1. NR_133575.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks multiple exons and contains an alternate 3' terminal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the predicted protein does not meet RefSeq quality criteria.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB593028, AB593029, AC018630, AC134349, R39258

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    10880965..11171611 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Genomic

  1. NW_003571050.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

    Range
    79671..402265 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

Genomic

  1. NT_187658.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

    Range
    79671..366551 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    10754065..11040818 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_006250.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_006250.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P02810.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P02810

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous