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MRPS21 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 54460, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
MRPS21provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14046
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000266472 MIM:611984; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14046
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
bS21m; MDS016; RPMS21; MRP-S21
Summary
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 25.8), brain (RPKM 23.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See MRPS21 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1q21.2
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (150293861..150308979)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (149418810..149433955)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (150266281..150281414)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150254031-150255230 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371434 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1681 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150269465-150270023 Neighboring gene circadian associated repressor of transcription Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150293095-150293660 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1682 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1683 Neighboring gene pre-mRNA processing factor 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150334918-150335860 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1685 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1686 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1687 Neighboring gene regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:150383836-150384059 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150444960-150445472

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition. McGue M, et al. Behav Genet, 2013 Sep. PMID 23942779, Free PMC Article
  2. The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. Kenmochi N, et al. Genomics, 2001 Sep. PMID 11543634
  3. Ribosome. The structure of the human mitochondrial ribosome. Amunts A, et al. Science, 2015 Apr 3. PMID 25838379, Free PMC Article
  4. Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit. Suzuki T, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Aug 31. PMID 11402041
  5. The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present. Cavdar Koc E, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Jun 1. PMID 11279123

See all (55) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables structural constituent of ribosome ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables structural constituent of ribosome NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in mitochondrial translation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mitochondrial translation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in translation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
part_of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m
Names
28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial
S21mt
mitochondrial 28S ribosomal protein S21
mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m
NP_061870.2
NP_114107.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_018997.4 → NP_061870.2  small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC242988
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS950.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A0A075B746, P82921, Q5TB11, Q9BST6
    Related
    ENSP00000461930.1, ENST00000581066.2

  2. NM_031901.6 → NP_114107.2  small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) is the predominant transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC242988
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS950.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A0A075B746, P82921, Q5TB11, Q9BST6
    Related
    ENSP00000480129.1, ENST00000614145.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    TIGR00030
    Location:10 → 66
    S21p; ribosomal protein S21

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    150293861..150308979
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    149418810..149433955
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P82921.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P82921

Gene LinkOut

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