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MPG N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 4350, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
MPGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
N-methylpurine DNA glycosylaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:7211
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000103152 MIM:156565; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7211
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
AAG; MDG; ADPG; APNG; Mid1; anpg; PIG11; PIG16; CRA36.1
Summary
Predicted to enable alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity. Predicted to be involved in base-excision repair. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in prostate (RPKM 19.8), spleen (RPKM 17.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See MPG in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16p13.3
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (77007..85846)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (70552..79447)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (127006..135845)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6897 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6898 Neighboring gene small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U11/U12 subunit 25 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10199 Neighboring gene rhomboid 5 homolog 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:120389-121206 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:122199-122382 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6899 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903617 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:122843-123660 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:123661-124478 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:124479-125296 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13767 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:133607-134462 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6901 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10200 Neighboring gene alpha-globin locus control region Neighboring gene NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107983982 Neighboring gene hemoglobin subunit zeta

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Recognition of 1,N(2)-ethenoguanine by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is restricted by a conserved active-site residue. Thelen AZ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2020 Feb 7. PMID 31882538, Free PMC Article
  2. Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase associates with transcription elongation to coordinate DNA repair with gene expression. Montaldo NP, et al. Nat Commun, 2019 Nov 29. PMID 31784530, Free PMC Article
  3. PIG11 over-expression predicts good prognosis and induces HepG2 cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Wang Y, et al. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Dec. PMID 30241046
  4. Distinguishing Specific and Nonspecific Complexes of Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase. Taylor EL, et al. Biochemistry, 2018 Jul 31. PMID 29940097, Free PMC Article
  5. Search for DNA damage by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase involves early intercalation by an aromatic residue. Hendershot JM, et al. J Biol Chem, 2017 Sep 29. PMID 28747435, Free PMC Article

See all (116) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells-derived exosomes.
    Title: Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells-derived exosomes.
  2. Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols.
    Title: Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols.
  3. Recognition of 1,N (2)-ethenoguanine by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is restricted by a conserved active-site residue.
    Title: Recognition of 1,N(2)-ethenoguanine by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is restricted by a conserved active-site residue.
  4. AAG binds to chromatin and forms complex with RNA polymerase (pol) II. This occurs through direct interaction with Elongator and results in transcriptional co-regulation.
    Title: Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase associates with transcription elongation to coordinate DNA repair with gene expression.
  5. Although AAG strongly prefers to excise lesions from duplex DNA, nonspecific binding is comparable for single- and double-stranded nonspecific sites. The electrostatically driven binding of AAG to small DNA sites ( approximately 5 nucleotides of single-stranded and approximately 6 base pairs of duplex) facilitates the search for DNA damage in chromosomal DNA, which is bound by nucleosomes and other proteins.
    Title: Distinguishing Specific and Nonspecific Complexes of Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase.
  6. PIG11 may act as a candidate liver tumor suppressor.
    Title: PIG11 over-expression predicts good prognosis and induces HepG2 cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
  7. high levels of APNG were associated with better overall survival in patients with glioblastoma
    Title: APNG as a prognostic marker in patients with glioblastoma.
  8. Data indicate that DNA glycosylases MYH, UNG2, MPG, NTH1, NEIL1, 2 and 3 on nascent DNA.
    Title: Monitoring of the spatial and temporal dynamics of BER/SSBR pathway proteins, including MYH, UNG2, MPG, NTH1 and NEIL1-3, during DNA replication.
  9. Data suggest that the change in tryptophan fluorescence of Y162W mutant of AAG (alkyladenine DNA glycosylase) is extremely rapid upon binding to either damaged or undamaged DNA, much faster than lesion-recognition and nucleotide flipping steps; thus, intercalation by tyrosine may be one of the earliest steps in search for/recognition of DNA damage.
    Title: Search for DNA damage by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase involves early intercalation by an aromatic residue.
  10. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a polymorphism in the MPG gene (rs2858056) and increased serum level of the MPG protein.
    Title: Effect of MPG gene rs2858056 polymorphism, copy number variation, and level of serum MPG protein on the risk for rheumatoid arthritis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (54)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analysis of red blood cell traits in African Americans: the COGENT Network.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Rev rev HIV-1 Rev is identified to have a physical interaction with N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA N-glycosylase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-3-methylguanine glycosylase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-7-methyladenine glycosylase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables damaged DNA binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA alkylation repair TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in base-excision repair IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in depurination TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial nucleoid IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase
Names
3' end of the Mid1 gene, localized 68 kb upstream the humanzeta globin gene on 16p
3-alkyladenine DNA glycosylase
3-methyladenine DNA glycosidase
CRA36.1 (3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase)
N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase, MPG
proliferation-inducing protein 11
proliferation-inducing protein 16
NP_001015052.1
NP_001015054.1
NP_002425.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001015052.3 → NP_001015052.1  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001015052.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 5' region and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter and has a distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC014991, BM796301
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32345.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2IDA3
    Related
    ENSP00000348809.4, ENST00000356432.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00540
    Location:85 → 281
    AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

  2. NM_001015054.3 → NP_001015054.1  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001015054.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream, in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (c) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY258284, BG823448, Z69720
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42087.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2IDA3
    Related
    ENSP00000380918.1, ENST00000397817.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00540
    Location:73 → 269
    AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

  3. NM_002434.4 → NP_002425.2  DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002425.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL520052, AY258284, BM796301
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32346.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    G5E9E2, P29372, Q13770, Q15275, Q15961, Q5J9I4, Q96BZ6, Q96S33, Q9NNX5
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2IDA3, Q1W6H1
    Related
    ENSP00000219431.4, ENST00000219431.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00540
    Location:90 → 286
    AAG; Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the first step in base excision repair

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    77007..85846
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    70552..79447
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P29372.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P29372

Gene LinkOut

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