U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

RHOG ras homolog family member G [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 391, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
RHOGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
ras homolog family member Gprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:672
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000177105 MIM:179505; AllianceGenome:HGNC:672
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ARHG
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein facilitates translocation of a functional guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 is activated to promote lamellipodium formation and cell migration. Two related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 20 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Expression
Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 74.8), spleen (RPKM 41.3) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See RHOG in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
11p15.4
Exon count:
2
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (3826978..3840959, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (3892305..3906292, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (3848208..3862189, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene nucleoporin 98 and 96 precursor Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:3811721-3812640 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:3812641-3813558 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3082 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3083 Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 50 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3084 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902618 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr11:3841189-3841380 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902619 Neighboring gene post-GPI attachment to proteins 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4310 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3085 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3086 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3087 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3088 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4311 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:3876149-3877094 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 4312 Neighboring gene STIM1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene microRNA 4687 Neighboring gene stromal interaction molecule 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. RhoG deficiency abrogates cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes and causes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Kalinichenko A, et al. Blood, 2021 Apr 15. PMID 33513601, Free PMC Article
  2. The small GTPase RhoG regulates microtubule-mediated focal adhesion disassembly. Zinn A, et al. Sci Rep, 2019 Mar 26. PMID 30914742, Free PMC Article
  3. Yersinia enterocolitica differentially modulates RhoG activity in host cells. Roppenser B, et al. J Cell Sci, 2009 Mar 1. PMID 19208761
  4. Involvement of the Rho/Rac family member RhoG in caveolar endocytosis. Prieto-Sánchez RM, et al. Oncogene, 2006 May 18. PMID 16568096, Free PMC Article
  5. RhoG GTPase controls a pathway that independently activates Rac1 and Cdc42Hs. Gauthier-Rouvière C, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 1998 Jun. PMID 9614181, Free PMC Article

See all (95) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. RhoG deficiency abrogates cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes and causes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
    Title: RhoG deficiency abrogates cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes and causes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
  2. miR1243p inhibits the viability and motility of glioblastoma multiforme by targeting RhoG.
    Title: miR‑124‑3p inhibits the viability and motility of glioblastoma multiforme by targeting RhoG.
  3. Regulation of Ras homolog family member G by microRNA-124 regulates proliferation and migration of human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
    Title: Regulation of Ras homolog family member G by microRNA-124 regulates proliferation and migration of human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
  4. The small GTPase RhoG regulates microtubule-mediated focal adhesion disassembly.
    Title: The small GTPase RhoG regulates microtubule-mediated focal adhesion disassembly.
  5. RhoG/Rac1 signaling pathway was involved in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cell migration and invasion. RhoG/Rac1 at least partially mediated epiregulin/Src/AKT/ERK1/2 signaling to promote SACC cell migration and invasion.
    Title: RhoG/Rac1 signaling pathway involved in migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.
  6. siRNA-mediated depletion of RHOG strongly inhibits tube formation in vascular endothelial cells (ECV cells), an effect reversed by transfecting dominant active constructs of CDC42 or RAC1 in the RHOG-depleted cells.
    Title: RHOG Activates RAC1 through CDC42 Leading to Tube Formation in Vascular Endothelial Cells.
  7. High RHOG expression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma.
    Title: SGEF is a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
  8. RhoG and SGEF modulate the phosphorylation of paxillin, which plays a key role during invadopodia disassembly.
    Title: A RhoG-mediated signaling pathway that modulates invadopodia dynamics in breast cancer cells.
  9. yrosine phosphorylation of SGEF suppresses its interaction with RhoG, the elevation of RhoG activity, and SGEF-mediated promotion of cell migration. We identified tyrosine 530 (Y530), which is located within the Dbl homology domain, as a major phosphorylation site of SGEF by Src, and Y530F mutation blocked the inhibitory effect of Src on SGEF
    Title: Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SGEF Regulates RhoG Activity and Cell Migration.
  10. These results suggest that the levels of RhoG and RhoB GTPases and their negative regulator RhoGDI3 might be linked to the aggressiveness of the pancreatic cancerous cell lines. It is possible that RhoGDI3 could induce the downregulation of RhoG and RhoB.
    Title: Immunological and Functional Characterization of RhoGDI3 and Its Molecular Targets RhoG and RhoB in Human Pancreatic Cancerous and Normal Cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (29)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr-expressing Jurkat T cell clones showed a significant upregulation of RhoG expression PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC125835, MGC125836

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables GTP binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables GTPase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables GTPase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Rac protein signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within Rac protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within Rho protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within actin cytoskeleton organization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in actin filament organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in activation of GTPase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell chemotaxis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cortical cytoskeleton organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell shape IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of ruffle assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cell projection IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in cytoplasmic vesicle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in cytoskeleton IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in secretory granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG
Names
ras homolog gene family, member G (rho G)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001665.4 → NP_001656.2  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001656.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA424888, BC104178, CB125569
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7748.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35238, P84095, Q8NI04
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6ICQ8
    Related
    ENSP00000339467.4, ENST00000351018.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd01875
    Location:1 → 191
    RhoG; Ras homolog family, member G (RhoG) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    3826978..3840959 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005252916.3 → XP_005252973.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005252973.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35238, P84095, Q8NI04
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6ICQ8
    Related
    ENSP00000380175.1, ENST00000396978.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd01875
    Location:1 → 191
    RhoG; Ras homolog family, member G (RhoG) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    3892305..3906292 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054368744.1 → XP_054224719.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35238, P84095, Q8NI04
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6ICQ8
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P84095.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P84095

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous