HRG histidine rich glycoprotein [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: HRGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: histidine rich glycoproteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5181
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000113905 MIM:142640; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5181
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: HPRG; HRGP; THPH11
Summary: This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The physiological function has not been determined but it is known that the protein binds heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. The encoded protein also has a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis. It can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Expression: Restricted expression toward liver (RPKM 1677.7) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q27.3

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	3	NC_000003.12 (186666014..186678234)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	3	NC_060927.1 (189487766..189499996)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	3	NC_000003.11 (186383803..186396023)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

[The plasma protein HRG is an important factor for preventing sepsis and maintaining homeostatic response].
Title: [The plasma protein HRG is an important factor for preventing sepsis and maintaining homeostatic response].
Zn[2+] Differentially Influences the Neutralisation of Heparins by HRG, Fibrinogen, and Fibronectin.
Title: Zn(2+) Differentially Influences the Neutralisation of Heparins by HRG, Fibrinogen, and Fibronectin.
Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Suppresses the S100A8/A9-Mediated Organotropic Metastasis of Melanoma Cells.
Title: Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Suppresses the S100A8/A9-Mediated Organotropic Metastasis of Melanoma Cells.
Comparison of Histidine rich glycoprotein, a novel biomarker for sepsis, with traditional biomarkers in adult ICU patients.
Title: Comparison of Histidine rich glycoprotein, a novel biomarker for sepsis, with traditional biomarkers in adult ICU patients.
Effects of HRG and TP73 gene variations on ovarian response.
Title: Effects of HRG and TP73 gene variations on ovarian response.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein as a prognostic biomarker for sepsis.
Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein as a prognostic biomarker for sepsis.
Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Stimulates Human Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Prolongs Survival through CLEC1A.
Title: Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Stimulates Human Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Prolongs Survival through CLEC1A.
HRG switches TNFR1-mediated cell survival to apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Title: HRG switches TNFR1-mediated cell survival to apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction through regulation of NF-kappaB and MAPK signal pathway.
Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein ameliorates endothelial barrier dysfunction through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway.
Ultrastructural Localization of Histidine-rich Glycoprotein in Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Colocalization With AMP Deaminase.
Title: Ultrastructural Localization of Histidine-rich Glycoprotein in Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Colocalization With AMP Deaminase.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (50)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital histidine-rich (poly-L) glycoprotein deficiency MedGen: C2751090 OMIM: 613116 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Common variants of large effect in F12, KNG1, and HRG are associated with activated partial thromboplastin time. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genetic associations for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, their gene expression profiles, and risk of coronary artery disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:181212 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155180

D3S4002 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:70984

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482379

GDB:206583 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:156114

SHGC-77619 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:30420

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heme binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables immunoglobulin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables signaling receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables zinc ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cytolysis by host of symbiont cells	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to fungus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in fibrinolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of fibrinolysis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in platelet activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of blood coagulation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of platelet activation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of platelet activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in blood microparticle	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular region	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: histidine-rich glycoprotein

Names: histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_021485.2 RefSeqGene

Range

10737..23025

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_601

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_000412.5 → NP_000403.1 histidine-rich glycoprotein precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000403.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AI800281, BC150591

Consensus CDS

CCDS3280.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B9EK35, D3DNU7, P04196

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R8I2

Related

ENSP00000232003.4, ENST00000232003.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00043
Location:21 → 127

CY; Cystatin-like domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

186666014..186678234

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_005247415.5 → XP_005247472.1 histidine-rich glycoprotein isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R8I2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00043
Location:21 → 127

CY; Cystatin-like domain