Grem1 gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Grem1provided by MGI
Official Full Name: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonistprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1344337
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000074934 AllianceGenome:MGI:1344337
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
Summary: Enables receptor ligand activity; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis; nephron epithelium morphogenesis; and positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in extracellular space. Colocalizes with cell surface. Is expressed in several structures, including embryo mesenchyme; limb bud; neural ectoderm; sensory organ; and skeleton. Orthologous to human GREM1 (gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in colon adult (RPKM 25.4), large intestine adult (RPKM 20.1) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 E4; 2 57.43 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (113579020..113588993, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (113748675..113758648, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Expression mapping of GREM1 and functional contribution of its secreting cells in the brain using transgenic mouse models.
Title: Expression mapping of GREM1 and functional contribution of its secreting cells in the brain using transgenic mouse models.
Loss of Grem1-lineage chondrogenic progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis.
Title: Loss of Grem1-lineage chondrogenic progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis.
Gremlin 1 is required for macrophage M2 polarization.
Title: Gremlin 1 is required for macrophage M2 polarization.
The autocrine glycosylated-GREM1 interacts with TGFB1 to suppress TGFbeta/BMP/SMAD-mediated EMT partially by inhibiting MYL9 transactivation in urinary carcinoma.
Title: The autocrine glycosylated-GREM1 interacts with TGFB1 to suppress TGFβ/BMP/SMAD-mediated EMT partially by inhibiting MYL9 transactivation in urinary carcinoma.
Adipokine gremlin-1 promotes hepatic steatosis via upregulation of ER stress by suppressing autophagy-mediated signaling.
Title: Adipokine gremlin-1 promotes hepatic steatosis via upregulation of ER stress by suppressing autophagy-mediated signaling.
GREM1 is required to maintain cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer.
Title: GREM1 is required to maintain cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer.
Gremlin1 and TGF-beta1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through different pathways.
Title: Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through different pathways.
Protective role of Gremlin-1 in myocardial function.
Title: Protective role of Gremlin-1 in myocardial function.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway Antagonism by Grem1 Regulates Epithelial Cell Fate in Intestinal Regeneration.
Title: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway Antagonism by Grem1 Regulates Epithelial Cell Fate in Intestinal Regeneration.
Spatial regulation by multiple Gremlin1 enhancers provides digit development with cis-regulatory robustness and evolutionary plasticity.
Title: Spatial regulation by multiple Gremlin1 enhancers provides digit development with cis-regulatory robustness and evolutionary plasticity.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (62)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Spontaneous (1)
Targeted (7) 1 citation
Radiation induced (1)
Endonuclease-mediated (5) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:548187

Grem1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547439

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:234488

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables BMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables BMP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables receptor ligand activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables receptor ligand activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell-cell signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in collagen fibril organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in determination of dorsal identity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic limb morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in limb development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone trabecula formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of telomerase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within proximal/distal pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in signal transduction by p53 class mediator	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in ureteric bud formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
colocalizes_with cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: gremlin-1

Names: cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1; down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; down-regulated in v-mos-transformed cells

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.