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Pomc pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 18976, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Pomcprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
pro-opiomelanocortin-alphaprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:97742
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000020660 AllianceGenome:MGI:97742
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
BE; Npp; ACTH; Clip; Pomc1; Pomc-1; Beta-LPH; alphaMSH; beta-MSH; Gamma-LPH; alpha-MSH; gamma-MSH
Summary
This gene encodes a polypeptide hormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing. Processing yields several biologically active peptides, which are involved in diverse cellular functions, such as energy homeostasis, steroidogenesis, and increased melanin production in melanocytes. In mouse deficiency of this gene is associated with obesity, defects in adrenal development, and altered pigmentation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]
Expression
Biased expression in testis adult (RPKM 4.3), CNS E14 (RPKM 2.4) and 11 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
12 A1.1; 12 1.99 cM
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 12 NC_000078.7 (4004945..4010643)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 12 NC_000078.6 (3954945..3960643)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000078.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene DNA methyltransferase 3A Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_31429 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 31623 Neighboring gene Pomc distal enhancer region Neighboring gene Pomc promoter region Neighboring gene peptidyl prolyl isomerase H pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:3959806-3960107 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:3981365-3981666 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr12:3982390-3982573 Neighboring gene EFR3 homolog B Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_31433 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr12:4082834-4083134 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C27

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Age, β-endorphin, and sex dependent effects of maternal separation on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and alcohol reward. Scopano MR, et al. Front Behav Neurosci, 2023. PMID 37091593, Free PMC Article
  2. Proopiomelanocortin projections to the nucleus accumbens modulate acquisition and maintenance of operant palatable pellet administration in mice. Eliason NL, et al. Physiol Behav, 2023 Jun 1. PMID 36965574,
  3. Increased intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hypothalamic POMC neurons underlies chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits. Fang X, et al. Mol Psychiatry, 2023 Mar. PMID 36473997, Free PMC Article
  4. Tanycytic networks mediate energy balance by feeding lactate to glucose-insensitive POMC neurons. Lhomme T, et al. J Clin Invest, 2021 Sep 15. PMID 34324439, Free PMC Article
  5. Desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH have sex specific interactions with diet to influence mouse gut morphology, metabolites and microbiota. Sun B, et al. Sci Rep, 2020 Nov 3. PMID 33144604, Free PMC Article

See all (504) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. beta-Endorphin influences sedative and ataxic effects of alcohol.
    Title: β-Endorphin influences sedative and ataxic effects of alcohol.
  2. POMC-specific knockdown of MeCP2 leads to adverse phenotypes in mice chronically exposed to high fat diet.
    Title: POMC-specific knockdown of MeCP2 leads to adverse phenotypes in mice chronically exposed to high fat diet.
  3. Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes alpha-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary-lung axis.
    Title: Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes α-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary-lung axis.
  4. Proopiomelanocortin projections to the nucleus accumbens modulate acquisition and maintenance of operant palatable pellet administration in mice.
    Title: Proopiomelanocortin projections to the nucleus accumbens modulate acquisition and maintenance of operant palatable pellet administration in mice.
  5. Increased intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hypothalamic POMC neurons underlies chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits.
    Title: Increased intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hypothalamic POMC neurons underlies chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits.
  6. Developmental thyroid hormone action on pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing cells programs hypothalamic BMPR1A depletion and brown fat activation.
    Title: Developmental thyroid hormone action on pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing cells programs hypothalamic BMPR1A depletion and brown fat activation.
  7. Loss of hypothalamic Furin affects POMC to proACTH cleavage and feeding behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice.
    Title: Loss of hypothalamic Furin affects POMC to proACTH cleavage and feeding behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice.
  8. Time and metabolic state-dependent effects of GLP-1R agonists on NPY/AgRP and POMC neuronal activity in vivo.
    Title: Time and metabolic state-dependent effects of GLP-1R agonists on NPY/AgRP and POMC neuronal activity in vivo.
  9. Functional heterogeneity of POMC neurons relies on mTORC1 signaling.
    Title: Functional heterogeneity of POMC neurons relies on mTORC1 signaling.
  10. Involvement of histone deacetylase 1/2 in adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis and proliferation of corticotroph tumor AtT-20 cells.
    Title: Involvement of histone deacetylase 1/2 in adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis and proliferation of corticotroph tumor AtT-20 cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (176)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (11)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables hormone activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables hormone activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables type 1 melanocortin receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables type 3 melanocortin receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables type 4 melanocortin receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within calcium-mediated signaling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell signaling ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in cellular pigmentation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in generation of precursor metabolites and energy ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose homeostasis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in killing of cells of another organism ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in modulation of process of another organism ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of oxytocin production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of appetite ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of blood pressure IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of corticosterone secretion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of corticosterone secretion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of glycogen metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in signal transduction ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular region ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in peroxisomal matrix ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in secretory granule IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in secretory granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
pro-opiomelanocortin
Names
adrenal corticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
beta-endorphin
corticotropin-like intermediary peptide
corticotropin-lipotropin
melanotropin gamma
met-enkephalin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001278581.1 → NP_001265510.1  pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001265510.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC111092, AW120866, BB022229, BB022936, BB025409, BB026464
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25785.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01193, P01200, Q544U4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00976
    Location:186 → 204
    ACTH_domain; Corticotropin ACTH domain
    pfam08035
    Location:205 → 232
    Op_neuropeptide; Opioids neuropeptide
    pfam08384
    Location:28 → 70
    NPP; Pro-opiomelanocortin, N-terminal region

  2. NM_001278582.1 → NP_001265511.1  pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001265511.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC111092, AW120866, BB022229, BB022936, BB025409, BB026464
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25785.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01193, P01200, Q544U4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00976
    Location:186 → 204
    ACTH_domain; Corticotropin ACTH domain
    pfam08035
    Location:205 → 232
    Op_neuropeptide; Opioids neuropeptide
    pfam08384
    Location:28 → 70
    NPP; Pro-opiomelanocortin, N-terminal region

  3. NM_001278583.1 → NP_001265512.1  pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001265512.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC111092, AK030714, BB022936, BB025409, BB026464
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25785.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01193, P01200, Q544U4
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000151504.2, ENSMUST00000219543.2
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00976
    Location:186 → 204
    ACTH_domain; Corticotropin ACTH domain
    pfam08035
    Location:205 → 232
    Op_neuropeptide; Opioids neuropeptide
    pfam08384
    Location:28 → 70
    NPP; Pro-opiomelanocortin, N-terminal region

  4. NM_001278584.1 → NP_001265513.1  pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001265513.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC111092, AK017581, BB025409, BB026464
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25785.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01193, P01200, Q544U4
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000151367.2, ENSMUST00000218089.2
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00976
    Location:186 → 204
    ACTH_domain; Corticotropin ACTH domain
    pfam08035
    Location:205 → 232
    Op_neuropeptide; Opioids neuropeptide
    pfam08384
    Location:28 → 70
    NPP; Pro-opiomelanocortin, N-terminal region

  5. NM_008895.4 → NP_032921.1  pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032921.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC111092, AK017492, AK133646, BB025409
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS25785.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01193, P01200, Q544U4
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000020990.6, ENSMUST00000020990.7
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00976
    Location:186 → 204
    ACTH_domain; Corticotropin ACTH domain
    pfam08035
    Location:205 → 232
    Op_neuropeptide; Opioids neuropeptide
    pfam08384
    Location:28 → 70
    NPP; Pro-opiomelanocortin, N-terminal region

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000078.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    4004945..4010643
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P01193.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01193

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