Pdyn prodynorphin [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Pdynprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: prodynorphinprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:97535
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000027400 AllianceGenome:MGI:97535
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Dyn
Summary: This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically cleaved to yield a number of active opium-like peptides. These peptides are the endogenous ligands for the Kappa-opioid receptor and similar G-protein-coupled receptors and are thought to function as the body's natural way to control addiction. These peptides have been associated with depression, stress, anxiety, response to pain, and maintenance of homeostasis via circadian rhythms and control of appetite. Mutations in the related human gene have been linked to the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]
Expression: Biased expression in cortex adult (RPKM 4.6), CNS E18 (RPKM 3.1) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 F1; 2 63.19 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (129528469..129541858, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (129686549..129699938, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Cellular Profiles of Prodynorphin and Preproenkephalin mRNA-Expressing Neurons in the Anterior Olfactory Tubercle of Mice.
Title: Cellular Profiles of Prodynorphin and Preproenkephalin mRNA-Expressing Neurons in the Anterior Olfactory Tubercle of Mice.
Efferent projections of Vglut2, Foxp2, and Pdyn parabrachial neurons in mice.
Title: Efferent projections of Vglut2, Foxp2, and Pdyn parabrachial neurons in mice.
Dynorphin and GABAA Receptor Signaling Contribute to Progesterone's Inhibition of the LH Surge in Female Mice.
Title: Dynorphin and GABAA Receptor Signaling Contribute to Progesterone's Inhibition of the LH Surge in Female Mice.
Modulation of feeding behavior and metabolism by dynorphin.
Title: Modulation of feeding behavior and metabolism by dynorphin.
Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) cells as integrators of diverse internal and external cues: evidence from viral-based monosynaptic tract-tracing in mice.
Title: Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) cells as integrators of diverse internal and external cues: evidence from viral-based monosynaptic tract-tracing in mice.
Gene analyses identify high Pdyn and Il6 levels in the amygdala as indicative of enhanced nociceptive hypersensitivity and reveal an association between high Gadd45 expression and attenuated emotional and cognitive manifestations of neuropathic pain.
Title: Influence of behavioral traits in the inter-individual variability of nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of neuropathic pain.
Study found that locally-released neurotensin (NT) and dynorphin (Dyn) antagonistically regulated central amygdala (CeA) inhibitory inputs onto oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST) neurons. NT and Dyn respectively increased and decreased CeA-toovBNST inhibitory inputs through NT receptor 1 and kappa opioid receptor. NT and Dyn mRNAs were highly co-localized in ovBNST neurons.
Title: Neurotensin and dynorphin Bi-Directionally modulate CeA inhibition of oval BNST neurons in male mice.
Mechanical allodynia produced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was enhanced in mice lacking KOR or PDYN gene. In contrast with the nociceptive manifestations induced by osteoarthritis, the increased microglial expression on the lumbar section of the spinal cord after MIA administration was similar in KOR-KO, PDYN-KO and WT littermates. Moreover, anhedonic- and anxiolytic-like states were revealed after MIA administration.
Title: Involvement of the dynorphin/KOR system on the nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of joint pain in mice.
steroidal environment and energy state negatively regulate kisspeptin (Kiss1), neurokinin B (Tac2), and dynorphin (Pdyn) gene expression.
Title: The interaction of fasting, caloric restriction, and diet-induced obesity with 17β-estradiol on the expression of KNDy neuropeptides and their receptors in the female mouse.
These pathways are consistent with previously reported behavioral and biochemical phenotypes that typify mice lacking ENT1. Moreover, we validated decreased expression of the SNARE complex protein VAMP1 (synaptobrevin-1) in the dHip as well as decreased expression of pro-dynorphin (PDYN), neuroendocrine convertase (PCSK1), and Leu-Enkephalin (dynorphin-A) in the nucleus accumbens
Title: Label-Free Neuroproteomics of the Hippocampal-Accumbal Circuit Reveals Deficits in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Signaling in Mice Lacking Ethanol-Sensitive Adenosine Transporter.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (43)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (8) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (4)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables opioid peptide activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables opioid receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in sensory perception	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in axon terminus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in axon terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in dendrite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendritic spine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dense core granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuronal cell body	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: proenkephalin-B

Names: alpha-neoendorphin; beta-neoendorphin; beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin; big dynorphin; dynorphin A(1-13); dynorphin A(1-17); dynorphin A(1-8); leu-enkephalin; leumorphin; preprodynorphin; rimorphin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001286502.1 → NP_001273431.1 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001273431.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK133597, AL808137, BB421226, BY292284

Consensus CDS

CCDS38239.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O35852, Q3UZW2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:22 → 68

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
NM_018863.4 → NP_061351.2 proenkephalin-B preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061351.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK133597, AL808137, BB421226

Consensus CDS

CCDS38239.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O35852, Q3UZW2

Related

ENSMUSP00000028883.6, ENSMUST00000028883.12

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01160
Location:22 → 68

Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide