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Enpp2 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 18606, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
Enpp2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:1321390
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022425 AllianceGenome:MGI:1321390
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
ATX; Npps2; Pdnp2; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; PD-Ialpha
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the phosphodiesterase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase family of bifunctional enzymes that hydrolize phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. The encoded protein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature protein with lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the cleavage of the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidic acid. This gene is expressed in numerous tissues and participates in neural development, obesity, inflammation and oncogenesis. A complete lack of the encoded protein in mice results in aberrant vascular and neuronal development leading to embryonic lethality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Expression
Biased expression in cerebellum adult (RPKM 54.8), genital fat pad adult (RPKM 28.3) and 14 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

Location:
15 D1; 15 21.6 cM
Exon count:
29
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 15 NC_000081.7 (54702297..54816284, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 15 NC_000081.6 (54838901..54952789, complement)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000081.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38691 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 57626 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38692 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_38694 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 26684 Neighboring gene predicted gene 2491

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Variation

Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (9)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables calcium ion binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables calcium ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables calcium ion binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables dinucleotide phosphatase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
enables hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables lysophospholipase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables lysophospholipase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables lysophospholipase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables nucleic acid binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables phosphodiesterase I activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables phosphodiesterase I activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables phosphodiesterase I activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
enables polysaccharide binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables scavenger receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables zinc ion binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables zinc ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables zinc ion binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell chemotaxis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within chemotaxis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in estrous cycle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in phospholipid catabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within phospholipid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell migration ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in regulation of cell migration ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in sphingolipid catabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2
Names
autotaxin
extracellular lysophospholipase D
phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2
NP_001129549.1
NP_001272923.1
NP_001272924.1
NP_001398580.1
NP_001398581.1
NP_001398582.1
NP_001398583.1
NP_001398584.1
NP_001398585.1
NP_001398586.1
NP_001398587.1
NP_056559.2
XP_017171994.1
XP_036015136.1
XP_036015137.1
XP_036015138.1
XP_036015139.1
XP_036015140.1
XP_036015142.1
XP_036015143.1
XP_036015144.1
XP_036015145.1
XP_036015147.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001136077.3NP_001129549.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001129549.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as alpha) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). This isoform (1) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131009
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS49607.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9R1E6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000128941.2, ENSMUST00000171545.9
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00201
    Location:5697
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:666896
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:165529
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cd16018
    Location:163569
    Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
  2. NM_001285994.2NP_001272923.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001272923.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3, also known as gamma) lacks an in-frame exon and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (3) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131010
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS70628.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9R1E6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000132640.3, ENSMUST00000167541.3
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00201
    Location:5697
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:639869
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:165477
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cd16018
    Location:163517
    Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
  3. NM_001285995.2NP_001272924.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as epsilon) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (4) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK163881, BY123373, CD741437, EU131009
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS70629.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3UXY9
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000133877.2, ENSMUST00000173516.8
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00201
    Location:5697
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:662892
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:165529
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cd16018
    Location:163569
    Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin
  4. NM_001411651.1NP_001398580.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, lacks an in-frame exon, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (5) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  5. NM_001411652.1NP_001398581.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate in-frame splice site and lacks an in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (6) is shorter, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (6) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  6. NM_001411653.1NP_001398582.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 7

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an in-frame exon and lacks a frame-shifting exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (7) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (7) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  7. NM_001411654.1NP_001398583.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 8

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, lacks an in-frame exon, and lacks a frame-shifting exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (8) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (8) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  8. NM_001411655.1NP_001398584.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 9

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate exon 1 and lacks an in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (9) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  9. NM_001411656.1NP_001398585.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 10

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (10) uses an alternate exon 1, uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, and lacks an in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (10) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  10. NM_001411657.1NP_001398586.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 11

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (11) uses an alternate exon 1, lacks an in-frame exon, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (11) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  11. NM_001411658.1NP_001398587.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 12

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (12) uses an alternate exon 1, lacks an in-frame exon, uses an alternate in-frame splice site, and contains an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (12) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC123644
  12. NM_015744.4NP_056559.2  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 2 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_056559.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as beta) lacks an in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK161144, BY123373, CD741437
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS27472.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8UH85, A8UH93, B2ZP54, Q6PDE0, Q99LG9, Q9R1E6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000036180.10, ENSMUST00000041591.16
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00201
    Location:5697
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:614844
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:165477
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cd16018
    Location:163517
    Enpp; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, also called autotaxin

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000081.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    54702297..54816284 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017316505.3XP_017171994.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X17

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    pfam01663
    Location:227539
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cl00089
    Location:676774
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
  2. XM_036159254.1XP_036015147.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X15

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cl00089
    Location:724822
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
  3. XM_036159246.1XP_036015139.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:724954
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  4. XM_036159244.1XP_036015137.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:749979
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  5. XM_036159252.1XP_036015145.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X13

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cl00089
    Location:728826
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
  6. XM_036159245.1XP_036015138.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:728958
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  7. XM_036159250.1XP_036015143.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X11

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cl00089
    Location:753851
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.
  8. XM_036159243.1XP_036015136.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:753983
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  9. XM_036159249.1XP_036015142.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X8

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:5697
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:691921
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:165529
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  10. XM_036159247.1XP_036015140.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    smart00477
    Location:753944
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  11. XM_036159251.1XP_036015144.1  ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform X12

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00201
    Location:118159
    SO; Somatomedin B -like domains
    pfam01663
    Location:227591
    Phosphodiest; Type I phosphodiesterase / nucleotide pyrophosphatase
    cl00089
    Location:753851
    NUC; DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease; prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases. They exists as monomers and homodimers.