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Bco2 beta-carotene oxygenase 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 170752, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Bco2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
beta-carotene oxygenase 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:2177469
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000032066 AllianceGenome:MGI:2177469
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
CMO2; Bcdo2; Bcmo2; B-diox-II
Summary
Enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen. Involved in isoprenoid metabolic process; regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; and regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within retinal metabolic process and xanthophyll metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in brain; embryo; liver; placenta; and yolk sac. Orthologous to human BCO2 (beta-carotene oxygenase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Biased expression in large intestine adult (RPKM 6.0), duodenum adult (RPKM 3.1) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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See Bco2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
9 A5.3; 9 27.74 cM
Exon count:
14
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 9 NC_000075.7 (50444387..50466513, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 9 NC_000075.6 (50533087..50555214, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene placenta expressed transcript 1, opposite strand Neighboring gene placenta expressed transcript 1 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr9:50341457-50341566 Neighboring gene 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase Neighboring gene interleukin 18 Neighboring gene testis expressed 12 Neighboring gene succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. β-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Wu L, et al. Free Radic Biol Med, 2021 Feb 20. PMID 33453359, Free PMC Article
  2. Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Abnormal Hepatic Energy Metabolism by Depletion of β-Carotene Oxygenase 2 in Mice. Wu L, et al. Sci Rep, 2017 Nov 7. PMID 29116185, Free PMC Article
  3. Ablation of β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase 2 remodels the hypothalamic metabolome leading to metabolic disorders in mice. Guo X, et al. J Nutr Biochem, 2017 Aug. PMID 28482236
  4. Lack of β, β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase 2 leads to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress in mice. Wu L, et al. Mol Nutr Food Res, 2017 May. PMID 27991717, Free PMC Article
  5. Lycopene and apo-10'-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase knockout male mice. Ip BC, et al. J Nutr, 2015 Feb. PMID 25644347, Free PMC Article

See all (34) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce A2E and iso-A2E levels and improve visual performance in Abca4(-/-)/Bco2(-/-) double knockout mice.
    Title: Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce A2E and iso-A2E levels and improve visual performance in Abca4(-/-)/Bco2(-/-) double knockout mice.
  2. beta-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
    Title: β-carotene oxygenase 2 deficiency-triggered mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
  3. provided novel experimental evidence that BCO1 and BCO2 could play a significant role in maintaining normal hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, potentially through the regulation of the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway
    Title: Ablation of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (BCO1 and BCO2) induced hepatic steatosis by altering the farnesoid X receptor/miR-34a/sirtuin 1 pathway.
  4. BCO2 regulates hypothalamic mitochondrial function, nutrient metabolism, and local oxidative stress and inflammation.
    Title: Ablation of β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase 2 remodels the hypothalamic metabolome leading to metabolic disorders in mice.
  5. Loss of BCO2 induces mitochondrial hyperactivation, mitochondrial stress, and changes of the mitochondrial proteome, leading to mitochondrial energy insufficiency. BCO2 appears to be critical for proper hepatic mitochondrial function.
    Title: Lack of β, β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase 2 leads to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress in mice.
  6. Role of beta-Carotene 9,10-Dioxygenase in Macular Pigment Metabolism
    Title: Characterization of the Role of β-Carotene 9,10-Dioxygenase in Macular Pigment Metabolism.
  7. Both lycopene and APO10LA supplementation were effective in reducing high saturated fat-induced liver steatosis in mice where BCO2 expression was absent.
    Title: Lycopene and apo-10'-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase knockout male mice.
  8. Data from knockout mice suggest that regulation of hepatic gene expression by dietary factors (here, supplementation with lycopene or tomato powder nutraceuticals) is dependent on Bco2.
    Title: β-Carotene-9',10'-oxygenase status modulates the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on hepatic nuclear receptor-, stress-, and metabolism-related gene expression in mice.
  9. Pleiotropic actions of carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase supporting a strong role of these protein in regulating tissue carotenoid accumulation as well as tomato carotenoid-independent regulation of lipid metabolism.
    Title: Genetic ablation of carotene oxygenases and consumption of lycopene or tomato powder diets modulate carotenoid and lipid metabolism in mice.
  10. a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production.
    Title: Two carotenoid oxygenases contribute to mammalian provitamin A metabolism.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (1)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 

Pathways from PubChem

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General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC129322, MGC129323

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables beta,beta-carotene-9',10'-cleaving oxygenase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables carotenoid dioxygenase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables dioxygenase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in carotene catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in carotene catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carotene catabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in carotene metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in carotene metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in carotenoid metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinal metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within retinal metabolic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinal metabolic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinoic acid metabolic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in xanthophyll catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within xanthophyll metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial
Names
b,b-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase
beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase
beta-carotene 9', 10'-dioxygenase 2
beta-carotene dioxygenase 2
beta-diox-II
NP_001346539.1
NP_573480.1
XP_006510107.1
XP_006510108.1
XP_006510109.1
XP_006510110.1
XP_030099935.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001359610.1 → NP_001346539.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform 2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC127254
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 485
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  2. NM_133217.3 → NP_573480.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_573480.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC127254, BB624957, BC107006, CB527507
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS40620.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q99NF1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3KNZ2
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000112727.2, ENSMUST00000119103.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 531
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000075.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    50444387..50466513 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_006510047.5 → XP_006510110.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 485
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  2. XM_030244075.2 → XP_030099935.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:1 → 341
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  3. XM_006510045.2 → XP_006510108.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510108.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q99NF1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3KNZ2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 531
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  4. XM_006510044.5 → XP_006510107.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510107.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q99NF1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3KNZ2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 531
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein

  5. XM_006510046.5 → XP_006510109.1  carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006510109.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q99NF1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3KNZ2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03055
    Location:20 → 531
    RPE65; Retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q99NF1.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99NF1

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