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Arr3 arrestin 3, retinal [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 170735, updated on 21-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Arr3provided by MGI
Official Full Name
arrestin 3, retinalprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:2159617
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000060890 AllianceGenome:MGI:2159617
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Car; Arr4; Carr; Carfl
Summary
Enables opsin binding activity and phosphoprotein binding activity. Acts upstream of or within endocytosis and regulation of protein phosphorylation. Located in photoreceptor outer segment and synapse. Is expressed in retina. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in myopia. Orthologous to human ARR3 (arrestin 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
X C3; X 43.72 cM
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (99649086..99662099)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (100605480..100618493)

Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47635 Neighboring gene pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4 Neighboring gene PDZ domain containing 11 Neighboring gene kinesin family member 4 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52438 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47636

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Mouse cone arrestin gene characterization: promoter targets expression to cone photoreceptors. Zhu X, et al. FEBS Lett, 2002 Jul 31. PMID 12135752
  2. Visual Cone Arrestin 4 Contributes to Visual Function and Cone Health. Deming JD, et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015 Aug. PMID 26284544, Free PMC Article
  3. Arrestin orchestrates crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptors to modulate the spatiotemporal activation of ERK MAPK. Cervantes D, et al. Circ Res, 2010 Jan 8. PMID 19926878, Free PMC Article
  4. The amyloid precursor protein modulates α(2A)-adrenergic receptor endocytosis and signaling through disrupting arrestin 3 recruitment. Zhang F, et al. FASEB J, 2017 Oct. PMID 28646018, Free PMC Article
  5. Arrestin 1 and Cone Arrestin 4 Have Unique Roles in Visual Function in an All-Cone Mouse Retina. Deming JD, et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015 Dec. PMID 26624493, Free PMC Article

See all (78) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The G-protein coupled receptor, DRD4, requires ARR1 and ARR4 for desensitization and internalization.
    Title: Dopamine receptor D4 internalization requires a beta-arrestin and a visual arrestin.
  2. Data indicate that In arrestin 3 deficient mice, where the alpha2B adrenergic receptor has a stronger binding to spinophilin, the hypertensive response is enhanced.
    Title: Spinophilin Is Indispensable for the α2B Adrenergic Receptor-Elicited Hypertensive Response.
  3. rrestin-3 modulates the activity of ubiquitous JNK1 and JNK2 in non-neuronal cells, impacting the signaling pathway that regulates their proliferation and survival.
    Title: Arrestin-3 binds c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and JNK2 and facilitates the activation of these ubiquitous JNK isoforms in cells via scaffolding.
  4. Arrestin-2 and -3 association with beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) significantly enhanced ERK2 binding, but showed little effect on arrestin interactions with the upstream kinases c-Raf1 and MEK1.
    Title: The effect of arrestin conformation on the recruitment of c-Raf1, MEK1, and ERK1/2 activation.
  5. of arrestin3 to the beta2-adrenergic receptor orchestrates the sequestration of Gq-coupled receptor-induced ERK to the cytosol through direct binding of ERK to arrestin.
    Title: Arrestin orchestrates crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptors to modulate the spatiotemporal activation of ERK MAPK.
  6. These results show that, in MA-10 cells, the hLHR activates Fyn through an arrestin-3-dependent pathway and that this pathway is a mediator of the hLHR-provoked release of EGF-like growth factors.
    Title: Arrestin-3 is essential for the activation of Fyn by the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in MA-10 cells.
  7. These results demonstrate previously unknown crucial regulatory mechanisms that alter ARR/GRK expression levels in macrophages that might modify many, if not all, GPCR-mediated innate immune responses.
    Title: Toll-like receptors differentially regulate GPCR kinases and arrestins in primary macrophages.
  8. Data demonstrate that the alpha(2A)AR evokes ERK phosphorylation through both an arrestin/Src-dependent and a Src-independent pathway, both of which are G protein dependent and converge on the Ras-Raf-MEK pathway.
    Title: Arrestin serves as a molecular switch, linking endogenous alpha2-adrenergic receptor to SRC-dependent, but not SRC-independent, ERK activation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (2)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables opsin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphoprotein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein domain specific binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within endocytosis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein phosphorylation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in visual perception IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cell projection IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in photoreceptor inner segment ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 PubMed 
located_in photoreceptor outer segment IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
arrestin-C
Names
X-arrestin
arrestin 4
retinal cone arrestin-3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_133205.3 → NP_573468.1  arrestin-C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_573468.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL671299, BX276129
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS41075.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9EQP6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000109398.2, ENSMUST00000113769.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:190 → 353
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:14 → 171
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    99649086..99662099
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_006527865.3 → XP_006527928.1  arrestin-C isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 437
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  2. XM_006527869.3 → XP_006527932.1  arrestin-C isoform X10

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 429
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  3. XM_006527872.3 → XP_006527935.1  arrestin-C isoform X14

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 401
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  4. XM_006527862.3 → XP_006527925.1  arrestin-C isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 437
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  5. XM_006527867.3 → XP_006527930.1  arrestin-C isoform X8

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 437
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  6. XM_006527863.3 → XP_006527926.1  arrestin-C isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 429
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  7. XM_006527871.3 → XP_006527934.1  arrestin-C isoform X13

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 429
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  8. XM_006527864.3 → XP_006527927.1  arrestin-C isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 409
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  9. XM_006527868.3 → XP_006527931.1  arrestin-C isoform X9

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 401
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  10. XM_006527870.3 → XP_006527933.1  arrestin-C isoform X11

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 399
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 217
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  11. XM_017318398.2 → XP_017173887.1  arrestin-C isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:235 → 436
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 216
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  12. XM_017318400.2 → XP_017173889.1  arrestin-C isoform X12

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:235 → 398
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:59 → 216
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  13. XM_006527873.3 → XP_006527936.1  arrestin-C isoform X16

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:236 → 361
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:59 → 97
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  14. XM_006527866.3 → XP_006527929.1  arrestin-C isoform X6

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:206 → 407
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:29 → 187
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  15. XM_017318399.2 → XP_017173888.1  arrestin-C isoform X7

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:205 → 406
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:29 → 186
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  16. XM_017318401.2 → XP_017173890.1  arrestin-C isoform X15

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:205 → 368
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    pfam00339
    Location:29 → 186
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  17. XM_017318402.2 → XP_017173891.1  arrestin-C isoform X17

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:75 → 276
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:4 → 56
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  18. XM_017318404.2 → XP_017173893.1  arrestin-C isoform X17

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:75 → 276
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:4 → 56
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  19. XM_017318403.2 → XP_017173892.1  arrestin-C isoform X17

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:75 → 276
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:4 → 56
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  20. XM_006527875.4 → XP_006527938.1  arrestin-C isoform X17

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:75 → 276
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:4 → 56
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

RNA

  1. XR_386916.3 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_003953000.1 RNA Sequence

  3. XR_004940328.1 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9EQP6.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9EQP6

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