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IL34 interleukin 34 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 146433, updated on 31-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
IL34provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 34provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:28529
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000157368 MIM:612081; AllianceGenome:HGNC:28529
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
IL-34; C16orf77
Summary
Interleukin-34 is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R; MIM 164770) (Lin et al., 2008 [PubMed 18467591]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in spleen (RPKM 59.9), skin (RPKM 16.8) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
16q22.1
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (70579899..70660682)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (76391088..76471868)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (70613802..70694585)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111B Neighboring gene splicing factor 3b subunit 3 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11067 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70613305-70613810 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70613811-70614316 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70655383-70655930 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70655931-70656478 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70683694-70684194 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70721484-70721990 Neighboring gene MTSS I-BAR domain containing 2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70726089-70726916 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70726917-70727742 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70727743-70728568 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70728569-70729394 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70729395-70730221 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70731048-70731874 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70731875-70732699 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70736831-70737596 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70737597-70738364 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70738365-70739130 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70739131-70739896 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70748263-70748982 Neighboring gene VAC14 component of PIKFYVE complex Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70750423-70751140 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 12359 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11068 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70771856-70772386 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70774210-70775017 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70779970-70780470 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70780471-70780971 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70781216-70781850 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70784627-70785306 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70788515-70789155 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70789156-70789796 Neighboring gene VAC14 antisense RNA 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Interleukin-34 permits Porphyromonas gingivalis survival and NF-κB p65 inhibition in macrophages. Almarghlani A, et al. Mol Oral Microbiol, 2022 Jun. PMID 35576119, Free PMC Article
  2. Interleukin-34 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Gut. Monteleone G, et al. Front Immunol, 2022. PMID 35529879, Free PMC Article
  3. IL-34 and coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus. Liu H, et al. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2021 Dec 28. PMID 35232912, Free PMC Article
  4. IL-34 was high in serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and may function as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Cai H, et al. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2022 Apr. PMID 35199410
  5. IL-34 in hepatoblastoma cells potentially promote tumor progression via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Irie T, et al. Cancer Med, 2022 Mar. PMID 35132816, Free PMC Article

See all (80) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. SAMHD1 dysfunction induces IL-34 expression via NF-kappaB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.
    Title: SAMHD1 dysfunction induces IL-34 expression via NF-κB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.
  2. Longitudinal associations between serum IL-34 with severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia patients.
    Title: Longitudinal associations between serum IL-34 with severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia patients.
  3. Elevated serum IL-34 is correlated with disease severity in patients with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy.
    Title: Elevated serum IL-34 is correlated with disease severity in patients with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy.
  4. Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk.
    Title: Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk.
  5. Elevated circulating levels of IL-34 are strongly associated with osteoporosis.
    Title: Elevated circulating levels of IL-34 are strongly associated with osteoporosis.
  6. Interleukin-34-NF-kappaB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization.
    Title: Interleukin-34-NF-κB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization.
  7. A mechanism of IL-34-induced resistance against cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies such as radiation by X-ray and chemotherapy by Oxaliplatin.
    Title: A mechanism of IL-34-induced resistance against cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies such as radiation by X-ray and chemotherapy by Oxaliplatin.
  8. BMP-2 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Protect against Cartilage Degeneration via Suppression of IL-34 in Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
    Title: BMP-2 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Protect against Cartilage Degeneration via Suppression of IL-34 in Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
  9. Emerging roles of IL-34 in neurodegenerative and neurological infectious disease.
    Title: Emerging roles of IL-34 in neurodegenerative and neurological infectious disease.
  10. Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription.
    Title: Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (81)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC34647

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in inflammatory response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in innate immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in microglial cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of MAP kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of macrophage proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
interleukin-34

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001172771.2 → NP_001166242.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001166242.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK172744, AW292500, BQ709387, CD515627, EU599219
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q6ZMJ4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 183
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  2. NM_001172772.2 → NP_001166243.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001166243.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763, AK172744, AW292500, CD248375
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10895.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 184
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  3. NM_001393493.1 → NP_001380422.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763, AC106804
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10895.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 184
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  4. NM_001393494.1 → NP_001380423.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10895.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
    Related
    ENSP00000288098.2, ENST00000288098.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 184
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  5. NM_001393495.1 → NP_001380424.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763, AC106804
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 183
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  6. NM_001393496.1 → NP_001380425.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 183
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  7. NM_001393497.1 → NP_001380426.1  interleukin-34 isoform 3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92192.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    J3QQT3
    Related
    ENSP00000463886.1, ENST00000566361.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:3 → 159
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  8. NM_001393498.1 → NP_001380427.1  interleukin-34 isoform 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020763
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:3 → 158
    IL34; Interleukin 34

  9. NM_152456.3 → NP_689669.2  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_689669.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK172744, AW292500, BQ709387
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10895.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
    Related
    ENSP00000397863.2, ENST00000429149.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15036
    Location:28 → 184
    IL34; Interleukin 34

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    70579899..70660682
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047433649.1 → XP_047289605.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  2. XM_047433650.1 → XP_047289606.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  3. XM_047433648.1 → XP_047289604.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  4. XM_047433651.1 → XP_047289607.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    76391088..76471868
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054379671.1 → XP_054235646.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  2. XM_054379672.1 → XP_054235647.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  3. XM_054379668.1 → XP_054235643.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  4. XM_054379673.1 → XP_054235648.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  5. XM_054379669.1 → XP_054235644.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

  6. XM_054379674.1 → XP_054235649.1  interleukin-34 isoform X2

  7. XM_054379670.1 → XP_054235645.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q6ZMJ4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6ZMJ4

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