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Csn2 casein beta [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 12991, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Csn2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
casein betaprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:88541
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000063157 AllianceGenome:MGI:88541
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Csnb
Summary
Predicted to enable cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Predicted to be involved in lactation and negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. Located in extracellular region. Is expressed in mammary gland. Orthologous to human CSN2 (casein beta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Restricted expression toward thymus adult (RPKM 9.8) See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
5 E1; 5 43.56 cM
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 5 NC_000071.7 (87840478..87847288, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 5 NC_000071.6 (87692619..87699429, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 3 pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_13561 Neighboring gene casein alpha s1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_13562 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 25066 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 24314

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling induces lactation-specific tight junctions concurrent with β-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells. Kobayashi K, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016 Aug. PMID 27130254
  2. Oleate and linoleate stimulate degradation of β-casein in prolactin-treated HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells. Pauloin A, et al. Cell Tissue Res, 2010 Apr. PMID 20182891
  3. The liver-enriched inhibitory protein isoform of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, but not nuclear factor-kappaB, mediates the transcriptional inhibition of beta-casein by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Zhang H, et al. Endocrinology, 2004 Jun. PMID 14976147
  4. The first intron of the murine beta-casein gene contains a functional promoter. Kolb A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003 Jul 11. PMID 12821156
  5. Trichostatin A inhibits beta-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells. Pujuguet P, et al. J Cell Biochem, 2001. PMID 11746508, Free PMC Article

See all (71) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. These results indicate that PRL, EGF and glucocorticoids have distinct roles in the establishment of beta-casein secretion pathway.
    Title: Distinct roles of prolactin, epidermal growth factor, and glucocorticoids in β-casein secretion pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells.
  2. Dexamethasone signaling upregulates Claudin-3 and -4 without beta-casein expression. Prolactin and dexamethasone signaling synergistically upregulate beta-casein expression.
    Title: Prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling induces lactation-specific tight junctions concurrent with β-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells.
  3. octamer-binding transcription factor-1 may serve as a master regulator that facilitates the DNA binding of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and glucocorticoid receptor in hormone-induced beta-casein expression
    Title: Interactions of the ubiquitous octamer-binding transcription factor-1 with both the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and the glucocorticoid receptor mediate prolactin and glucocorticoid-induced β-casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells.
  4. It was found that both IGF-1 and IGF-2 activate the expression of milk protein beta-casein in the presence of prolactin and hydrocortisone. It was found that beta-casein expression is accompanied by cyclin D1 coexpression.
    Title: Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 regulate expression of β-casein in vitro in mouse mammary epithelial cells.
  5. mammary cells express beta-casein in response to prolactin in a pathway that involves gap junction intracellular communication and OCT-1 and is independent of STAT5 nuclear translocation
    Title: Gap junctions mediate STAT5-independent β-casein expression in CID-9 mammary epithelial cells.
  6. Progesterone receptor directly inhibits beta-casein gene transcription in mammary epithelial cells through promoting promoter and enhancer repressive chromatin modifications
    Title: Progesterone receptor directly inhibits β-casein gene transcription in mammary epithelial cells through promoting promoter and enhancer repressive chromatin modifications.
  7. Our data thus suggest that the degradation of beta-casein occurs via the microautophagic pathway.
    Title: Oleate and linoleate stimulate degradation of β-casein in prolactin-treated HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells.
  8. the interaction of glucocorticoid receptor with Oct-1 on the beta-casein gene promoter
    Title: Oct-1 functions as a transactivator in the hormonal induction of beta-casein gene expression.
  9. The developmental regulation of DNA looping between the beta-casein regulatory regions was observed in lactating but not in virgin mouse mammary glands.
    Title: Lactogenic hormonal induction of long distance interactions between beta-casein gene regulatory elements.
  10. These results demonstrate that TGF-beta abrogates prolactin-stimulated beta-casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells through, at least in part, a Smad3-dependent mechanism.
    Title: TGF-beta inhibits prolactin-induced expression of beta-casein by a Smad3-dependent mechanism.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in lactation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
beta-casein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001286020.1 → NP_001272949.1  beta-casein isoform b precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001272949.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (b) that is shorter than isoform a. Both variants 2 and 3 encode isoform b.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK085698
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS80317.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3TP33, Q8BGL0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000080976.7, ENSMUST00000082370.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:143 → 218
    Casein; Casein

  2. NM_001286021.1 → NP_001272950.1  beta-casein isoform b precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001272950.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (b) that is shorter than isoform a. Both variants 2 and 3 encode isoform b.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK085698
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS80317.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3TP33, Q8BGL0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000143709.2, ENSMUST00000198057.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:143 → 218
    Casein; Casein

  3. NM_001286022.1 → NP_001272951.1  beta-casein isoform c precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (c) is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK085698
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0G2JE86
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000142673.2, ENSMUST00000196163.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:135 → 210
    Casein; Casein

  4. NM_001286023.1 → NP_001272952.1  beta-casein isoform d precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (d) that is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK052805
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0G2JE86
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:129 → 204
    Casein; Casein

  5. NM_001286024.1 → NP_001272953.1  beta-casein isoform e precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 5' coding region, and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (e) is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK085698
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS80315.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0G2JE86, A0A0G2JF04
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000142971.2, ENSMUST00000196869.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:128 → 203
    Casein; Casein

  6. NM_009972.2 → NP_034102.1  beta-casein isoform a precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034102.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC074046, AK052805
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS39131.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P10598, Q543D9, Q8VCT6, Q8VCU8, Q91VI5, Q922Y5, Q9D1U6, Q9D1U7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q3TP33
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000143341.2, ENSMUST00000197422.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00363
    Location:144 → 219
    Casein; Casein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000071.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    87840478..87847288 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RNA

  1. XR_389259.2 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P10598.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P10598

Gene LinkOut

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