Apod apolipoprotein D [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Apodprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: apolipoprotein Dprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:88056
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022548 AllianceGenome:MGI:88056
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but is unique in that it shares greater structural similarity to lipocalin than to other members of the apolipoprotein family, and has a wider tissue expression pattern. The encoded protein is involved in lipid metabolism, and ablation of this gene results in defects in triglyceride metabolism. Elevated levels of this gene product have been observed in multiple tissues of Niemann-Pick disease mouse models, as well as in some tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in frontal lobe adult (RPKM 55.7), cerebellum adult (RPKM 53.8) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16 B2; 16 21.41 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	16	NC_000082.7 (31115010..31133626, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	16	NC_000082.6 (31296192..31314808, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000082.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Apolipoprotein D-mediated preservation of lysosomal function promotes cell survival and delays motor impairment in Niemann-Pick type A disease.
Title: Apolipoprotein D-mediated preservation of lysosomal function promotes cell survival and delays motor impairment in Niemann-Pick type A disease.
Studies of ApoD(-/-) and ApoD(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice uncover the APOD significance for retinal metabolism, function, and status of chorioretinal blood vessels.
Title: Studies of ApoD(-/-) and ApoD(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice uncover the APOD significance for retinal metabolism, function, and status of chorioretinal blood vessels.
These data indicate apolipoprotein-D rarely exists as a free monomer under physiological conditions and provide insights into novel native structures of apolipoprotein-D and into oligomerisation behaviour in the lipocalin family.
Title: Identification of a novel tetrameric structure for human apolipoprotein-D.
Study shows that in myelin maturation ApoD ultimately controls the removal of the sialic-rich hydrophilic glycocalyx, by maintaining functional integrity of lysosomes. A detailed analysis of the mechanism reveals that the proper localization of Neu1 and plasma membrane Neu3, as well as of the membrane-bound Fyn kinase, depend on ApoD.
Title: Myelin extracellular leaflet compaction requires apolipoprotein D membrane management to optimize lysosomal-dependent recycling and glycocalyx removal.
apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions.
Title: Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions.
It regulates amyloid plaque pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Title: Apolipoprotein D modulates amyloid pathology in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mice.
apoD may be part of an intrinsic cardioprotective system, possibly as a consequence of its antioxidation activity.
Title: Identification of apolipoprotein D as a cardioprotective gene using a mouse model of lethal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
Changes in hypothalamus of ApoD(-/-) mice may indicate potential role of ApoD in regulation of endocrine functions of somatostatin in a receptor-dependent manner.
Title: Immunohistochemical distribution of somatostatin and somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5) in hypothalamus of ApoD knockout mice brain.
Abeta25-35 induces neuroprotective ApoD expression in hippocampal cells in response to stress-induced growth arrest.
Title: Amyloid-β25-35 induces apolipoprotein D Synthesis and growth arrest in HT22 hippocampal cells.
The findings underscore the importance of ApoD in the regulation of plasma insulin levels and triglyceride metabolism, suggesting that ApoD plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia.
Title: Genetic deficiency of apolipoprotein D in the mouse is associated with nonfasting hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (21)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Gene trapped (1)
Targeted (2) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (2)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cholesterol binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cholesterol binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables lipid binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in brain development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in lipid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of T cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein import into nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to reactive oxygen species	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to reactive oxygen species	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to reactive oxygen species	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosolic ribosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular anatomical structure	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: apolipoprotein D

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001301353.1 → NP_001288282.1 apolipoprotein D precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288282.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC130815, AK158118, AK162392, BY596441

Consensus CDS

CCDS28105.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P51910, Q3TZE7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21528
Location:37 → 182

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family
NM_001301354.1 → NP_001288283.1 apolipoprotein D precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288283.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an exon in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC130815, AK160729, AK162392, BY596441

Consensus CDS

CCDS28105.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P51910, Q3TZE7

Related

ENSMUSP00000110885.2, ENSMUST00000115230.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21528
Location:37 → 182

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family
NM_007470.4 → NP_031496.2 apolipoprotein D precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_031496.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC130815, AK135046, AK162392, BY596441

Consensus CDS

CCDS28105.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P51910, Q3TZE7

Related

ENSMUSP00000119827.2, ENSMUST00000130560.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21528
Location:37 → 182

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family