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Gpt2 glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 108682, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Gpt2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:1915391
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000031700 AllianceGenome:MGI:1915391
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
ALT2; 4631422C05Rik
Summary
Predicted to enable L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process and L-alanine metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; musculature; nervous system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Orthologous to human GPT2 (glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Broad expression in liver adult (RPKM 35.8), subcutaneous fat pad adult (RPKM 28.6) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
8 C3; 8 41.61 cM
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 8 NC_000074.7 (86219090..86255531)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 8 NC_000074.6 (85492576..85528902)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000074.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA 4921524J17 gene Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3790 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E11392 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22160 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 53446 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E8255 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22166 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_22168 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E6669 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 51583

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Loss of mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 causes early neurodegeneration in locus coeruleus. Baytas O, et al. Neurobiol Dis, 2022 Oct 15. PMID 35908744, Free PMC Article
  2. Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required for neuron growth and motor function in vivo. Baytas O, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2022 Feb 21. PMID 34519342, Free PMC Article
  3. Mutations in mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 cause metabolic dysfunction and neurological disease with developmental and progressive features. Ouyang Q, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2016 Sep 20. PMID 27601654, Free PMC Article
  4. Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids. Martino MR, et al. Cell Rep, 2022 Apr 26. PMID 35476997, Free PMC Article
  5. Hepatic ALT isoenzymes are elevated in gluconeogenic conditions including diabetes and suppressed by insulin at the protein level. Qian K, et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2015 Sep. PMID 25865565, Free PMC Article

See all (29) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Exosomal GPT2 derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells promotes metastasis by activating BTRC.
    Title: Exosomal GPT2 derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells promotes metastasis by activating BTRC.
  2. The delta subunit of the GABAA receptor is necessary for the GPT2-promoted breast cancer metastasis.
    Title: The delta subunit of the GABA(A) receptor is necessary for the GPT2-promoted breast cancer metastasis.
  3. Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids.
    Title: Silencing alanine transaminase 2 in diabetic liver attenuates hyperglycemia by reducing gluconeogenesis from amino acids.
  4. Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required for neuron growth and motor function in vivo.
    Title: Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required for neuron growth and motor function in vivo.
  5. The GPT2 gene demonstrates increasing expression in brain in the early postnatal period, and GPT2 protein localizes to mitochondria. Akin to the human phenotype, Gpt2-null mice exhibit reduced brain growth. Through metabolomics and direct isotope tracing experiments, we find a number of metabolic abnormalities associated with loss of Gpt2
    Title: Mutations in mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 cause metabolic dysfunction and neurological disease with developmental and progressive features.
  6. Data suggest that Alt2/Gpt2 (but not Alt1/Gpt1) is induced in liver of obese mice (male ob/ob mice compared to lean C57BL/6J mice).
    Title: Hepatic ALT isoenzymes are elevated in gluconeogenic conditions including diabetes and suppressed by insulin at the protein level.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (3)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables transaminase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables transferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in L-alanine metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of gluconeogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
alanine aminotransferase 2
Names
glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2
glutamic--alanine transaminase 2
glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2
NP_776291.1
XP_006530622.1
XP_036009604.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_173866.4 → NP_776291.1  alanine aminotransferase 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_776291.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC130533
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS22499.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8BGT5, Q8BVY7, Q8K1J3
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000034136.6, ENSMUST00000034136.12
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00609
    Location:123 → 512
    AAT_like; Aspartate aminotransferase family. This family belongs to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent aspartate aminotransferase superfamily (fold I). Pyridoxal phosphate combines with an alpha-amino acid to form a compound called a Schiff base or aldimine ...
    PTZ00377
    Location:48 → 522
    PTZ00377; alanine aminotransferase; Provisional

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000074.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    86219090..86255531
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_036153711.1 → XP_036009604.1  alanine aminotransferase 2 isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PTZ00377
    Location:5 → 379
    PTZ00377; alanine aminotransferase; Provisional

  2. XM_006530559.4 → XP_006530622.1  alanine aminotransferase 2 isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PTZ00377
    Location:39 → 290
    PTZ00377; alanine aminotransferase; Provisional

RNA

  1. XR_004934746.1 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8BGT5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8BGT5

Gene LinkOut

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