FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 257196123  79 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 127
Cdd:cd15770    1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 257196123  79 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 127
Cdd:cd15770    1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 257196123 344 SGLEENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTC-----TKCGKRMNECPICRQYV 389
Cdd:COG5574  211 IPLADYKCFLCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLsclliSWTKKKYEFCPLCRAKV 261

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1 (CARP1) and similar proteins; CARP1, also known as caspase regulator CARP1, FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), RING finger protein 34 (RNF34), or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell which negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway by degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10. CARP1 contains an N-terminal FYVE-like domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 257196123 345 GLEENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 398
Cdd:cd16706    1 GSDDNLCRICMDAVIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMSECPICRQYVVRAVHVFKS 54

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP2 and similar proteins; CARP2, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2, or FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), or RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, or RING finger protein 189, or RING finger protein 34-like, is a novel caspase regulator containing a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP2 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP2 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 257196123  79 EPSCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRLCLLCLRFR 127
Cdd:cd15770    1 EISCKACGIRFASCARKHPCMDCKKNYCTACSSQAENGPSLCQLCQRFR 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 8 (BIRC8) and similar proteins; XIAP, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 (BIRC4), IAP-like protein (ILP), inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 (IAP-3), or X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (X-linked IAP), is a potent suppressor of apoptosis that directly inhibits specific members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases, including caspase-3, -7, and -9. It promotes proteasomal degradation of caspase-3 and enhances its anti-apoptotic effect in Fas-induced cell death. The ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) activity of XIAP also exhibits in the ubiquitination of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). The mitochondrial proteins, Smac/DIABLO and Omi/HtrA2, can inhibit the antiapoptotic activity of XIAP. XIAP has also been implicated in several intracellular signaling cascades involved in the cellular response to stress, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathways. Moreover, XIAP can regulate copper homeostasis by interacting with MURR1. BIRC8, also known as inhibitor of apoptosis-like protein 2, IAP-like protein 2, ILP-2, or testis-specific inhibitor of apoptosis, is a tissue-specific homolog of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP. It has been implicated in the control of apoptosis in the testis by direct inhibition of caspase 9. Both XIAP and BIRC8 contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 257196123 347 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 398
Cdd:cd16714   13 EEKLCKICMDRNISIVFIPCGHLVTCKQCAEALDKCPICCTVITFKQKIFMS 64

RING finger, HC subclass, found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs); IAPs are frequently overexpressed in cancer and associated with tumor cell survival, chemoresistance, disease progression, and poor prognosis. They function primarily as negative regulators of cell death. They regulate caspases and apoptosis through the inhibition of specific members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. In addition, IAPs has been implicated in a multitude of other cellular processes, including inflammatory signalling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signalling, proliferation and mitosis, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. IAPs in this family includes cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP1 (BIRC2) and c-IAP2 (BIRC3), XIAP (BIRC4), BIRC7, and BIRC8, all of which contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains that enable interactions with proteins, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain that is responsible for the binding of polyubiquitin (polyUb), and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus that is required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The UBA domain is only absent in mammalian homologs of BIRC7. Moreover, c-IAPs contains an additional caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) between the UBA and C3HC4-type RING-HC domains. The CARD domain may serve as a protein interaction surface.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 257196123 348 ENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQ 387
Cdd:cd16510    1 EKLCKICMDREVNIVFLPCGHLVTCAQCAASLRKCPICRT 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in apoptosis protein c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin, and similar proteins; The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAPs function as ubiquitin E3 ligases that mediate the ubiquitination of substrates involved in apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling, and oncogenesis. Unlike other IAPs, such as XIAP, c-IAPs exhibit minimal binding to caspases and may not play an important role in the inhibition of these proteases. c-IAP1, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein BIRC2, IAP-2, RING finger protein 48, or TNFR2-TRAF-signaling complex protein 2, is a potent regulator of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in the cytoplasm. It can also regulate E2F1 transcription factor-mediated control of cyclin transcription in the nucleus. c-IAP2, also known as BIRC3, IAP-1, apoptosis inhibitor 2 (API2), or IAP homolog C, also influences ubiquitin-dependent pathways that modulate innate immune signalling by activation of NF-kappaB. c-IAPs contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains that enable interactions with proteins, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain that is responsible for the binding of polyubiquitin (polyUb), a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) that serves as a protein interaction surface, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus that is required for ubiquitin ligase activity. Livin, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 (BIRC7), kidney inhibitor of apoptosis protein (KIAP), melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis protein (ML-IAP), or RING finger protein 50, was identified as the melanoma IAP. It plays crucial roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle control. Its anti-apoptotic activity is regulated by the inhibition of caspase-3, -7, and -9. Its E3 ubiquitin-ligase-like activity promotes degradation of Smac/DIABLO, a critical endogenous regulator of all IAPs. Unlike other family members, mammalian livin contains a single BIR domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. The UBA domain can be detected in non-mammalian homologs of livin.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 257196123 347 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 398
Cdd:cd16713    6 EERTCKVCMDKEVSIVFIPCGHLVVCTECAPSLRKCPICRATIKGTVRTFLS 57

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase (MAPL) and similar proteins; MAPL, also known as MULAN, mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1, E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1, growth inhibition and death E3 ligase (GIDE), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 266, or RING finger protein 218 (RNF218), is a multifunctional mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in several processes specific to metazoan (multicellular animal) cells, such as NF-kappaB activation, innate immunity and antiviral signaling, suppression of PINK1/parkin defects, mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. MAPL contains a unique BAM (beside a membrane)/GIDE (growth inhibition death E3 ligase) domain and a C-terminal modified cytosolic C3HC5-type RING-HC finger which is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 257196123 348 ENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE---CPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd16648    1 DNACVICLSNPRSCVFLECGHVCSCIECYEALPSpkkCPICRSFIKRVVPLY 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein XB3 homolog 5 (XBAT35) and similar proteins; XBAT35, also known as ankyrin repeat domain and RING finger-containing protein XBAT35, or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase XBAT35, has no E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity observed when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 257196123 347 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM----NECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd23129    1 QRDECVVCMDAPRDAVCVPCGHVAGCMSCLKALmqssPLCPICRAPVRQVIKVY 54

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1A (NEURL1A) and similar proteins; NEURL1A, also known as NEURL1, NEU, neuralized 1, or RING finger protein 67 (RNF67), is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), an RNA binding protein and a translational regulator of local protein synthesis, which facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. It also acts as a potential tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in the medulloblastoma. NEURL1A contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE-----CPICRQYVIRAVHVFRS 398
Cdd:cd16785    7 CTICYENAVDTVIYTCGHMCLCYACGLRLKKmlnacCPICRRAIKDIIKTYRS 59

RING finger, HC subclass, found in leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif-containing protein 1 (LRSAM1) and similar proteins; LRSAM1, also known as Tsg101-associated ligase (TAL), or RIFLE, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that physically associates with, and selectively ubiquitylates, Tsg101, an E2-like molecule that regulates vesicular trafficking processes in yeast and mammals. It regulates a Tsg101-associated complex responsible for the sorting of cargo into cytoplasm-containing vesicles that bud at the multivesicular body and at the plasma membrane. LRSAM1 is a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR), followed by several recognizable motifs, including an ezrin-radixin-moezin (ERM) domain, a coiled-coil (CC) region, a SAM domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 257196123 348 ENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQ 387
Cdd:cd16515    1 ESECVVCMDAESQVIFLPCGHVCCCQTCSSSLSTCPLCRA 40

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1), RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. MGRN1 also interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. RNF157 is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase predominantly expressed in the brain. It is a homolog of the E3 ligase mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1). In cultured neurons, it promotes neuronal survival in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. In contrast, it supports growth and maintenance of dendrites independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF157 interacts with and ubiquitinates the adaptor protein APBB1 (amyloid beta precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 or Fe65), which regulates neuronal survival, but not dendritic growth downstream of RNF157. The nuclear localization of APBB1 together with its interaction partner RNA-binding protein SART3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 or Tip110) is crucial to trigger apoptosis. Both MGRN1 and RNF157 contain a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, and a functionally uncharacterized region, known as domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 257196123 349 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM----NECPICR 386
Cdd:cd16789    1 SECVICLSDPRDTAVLPCRHLCLCSDCAEVLryqsNKCPICR 42

FYVE-like domain found in caspase regulator CARP1 and similar proteins; CARP1, also termed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF34, or caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1, or FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, or RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), or RING finger protein 34, or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell, and negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of the digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway through degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10, which are distinguished from other FYVE-type proteins. Moreover, CARP1 has an altered sequence in the basic ligand binding patch and lack the WxxD (x for any residue) motif that is conserved only in phosphoinositide binding FYVE domains. Thus it belongs to a family of unique FYVE-type domains called FYVE-like domains. In addition to the N-terminal FYVE-like domain, CARP1 harbors a C-terminal RING domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 257196123  82 CKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNgPRLCLLC 123
Cdd:cd15769    4 CKACGLAFSVFRKKHVCCDCKKDFCSVCSVLQEN-LRRCSTC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3B; MEX3B, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 3 (RKHD3), or RING finger protein 195 (RNF195), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that localizes in P-bodies and stress granules, which are two structures involved in the storage and turnover of mRNAs. It regulates the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway that orchestrates Sertoli cell functions. It has a 3' long conserved untranslated region (3'LCU)-mediated fine-tuning system for mRNA regulation in early vertebrate development such as anteroposterior (AP) patterning and signal transduction. MEX3B contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE-----CPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd16721    7 CSICFESEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANRICEknepqCPVCHAAVTQAIRIF 57

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHmVTCTKCGKRM-----NECPIC 385
Cdd:cd16449    3 CPICLERLKDPVLLPCGH-VFCRECIRRLlesgsIKCPIC 41

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in cell growth regulator with RING finger domain protein 1 (CGRRF1) and similar proteins; CGRRF1, also known as cell growth regulatory gene 19 protein (CGR19) or RING finger protein 197 (RNF197), functions as a novel biomarker to monitor endometrial sensitivity and response to insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, in the context of obesity. CGRRF1 contains a C-terminal modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, which is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 257196123 349 NLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPICR 386
Cdd:cd16787    1 KDCVVCQNAPVNRVLLPCRHACVCDECFKRLQRCPMCR 38

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 2 (MIB2) and similar proteins; MIB2, also known as novel zinc finger protein (Novelzin), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 002N, skeletrophin, or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 1, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. Especially, it promotes Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis in Notch activation. Overexpression of MIB2, activates NF-kappaB and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter activity. Moreover, MIB2 acts as a novel component of the activated B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) complex and controls BCL10-dependent NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as a founder myoblast-specific protein that regulates myoblast fusion and muscle stability. MIB2 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 257196123 347 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLlECGHMvTCTKCGKRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd16728    3 ERITCPICIDNHIKLVF-QCGHG-SCIECSSALKACPICRQAIRERIQIF 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3C; MEX3C, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 2 (RKHD2), or RING finger protein 194 (RNF194), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that acts as a suppressor of chromosomal instability. It functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional, HLA-A allotype-specific regulation of MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). It also modifies retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) in stress granules and plays a critical role in eliciting antiviral immune responses. Moreover, MEX3C plays an essential role in normal postnatal growth via enhancing the local expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in bone. It may also be involved in metabolic regulation of energy balance. MEX3C contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3C shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCG-----KRMNECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd16722    4 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECAnkiceKETPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIH 54

FYVE domain found in WD40 repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (WDFY3) and similar proteins; WDFY3, also termed autophagy-linked FYVE protein (Alfy), is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P or PI3P) binding protein required for selective macroautophagic degradation of aggregated proteins. It regulates the protein degradation through the direct interaction with the autophagy protein Atg5. Moreover, WDFY3 acts as a scaffold that bridges its cargo to the macroautophagic machinery via the creation of a greater complex with Atg12, Atg16L, and LC3. It also functionally associates with sequestosome-1/p62 (SQSTM1) in osteoclasts. WDFY3 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It predominantly localizes to the nucleus and nuclear membrane under basal conditions, but is recruited to cytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates under stress conditions. WDFY3 contains a PH-BEACH domain assemblage, five WD40 repeats and a PtdIns3P-binding FYVE domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 257196123  81 SCKACGVHFASTTRKQTCLDCKKNFCMTCSSQEGNGPRL 119
Cdd:cd15719   11 SCTGCSVRFSLTERRHHCRNCGQLFCSKCSRFESEIRRL 49

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 2 (MIB2) and similar proteins; MIB2, also known as novel zinc finger protein (Novelzin), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 002N, skeletrophin, or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 1, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. It promotes Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis in Notch activation. Overexpression of MIB2 activates NF-kappaB and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter activity. Moreover, MIB2 acts as a novel component of the activated B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) complex and controls BCL10-dependent NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as a founder myoblast-specific protein that regulates myoblast fusion and muscle stability. MIB2 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNECPIC 385
Cdd:cd16726    3 CLVCSELAALVRFEPCQHSIVCEECARRMKKCIKC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3A; MEX3A, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 4 (RKHD4), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that localizes in P-bodies and stress granules, which are two structures involved in the storage and turnover of mRNAs. It has been implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis. It controls the polarity and stemness of intestinal epithelial cells through the post-transcriptional regulation of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, which plays a crucial role in intestinal cell fate specification, both during normal development and in tumorigenic processes involving intestinal reprogramming. Moreover, it exhibits a transforming activity when overexpressed in gastric epithelial cells. MEX3A contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3A shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

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gi 257196123 351 CKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM-----NECPICRQYVIRAVHVF 396
Cdd:cd16720    5 CMVCFESEVTAALVPCGHNLFCMECAVRIcernePECPVCHALATQAIRIF 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana proteolysis 1 protein (PRT1) and similar proteins; PRT1, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase PRT1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation, where it specifically recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with an N-terminal bulky aromatic amino acid (Phe). It does not act on aliphatic hydrophobic and basic N-terminal residues (Arg or Leu) containing proteins. PRT1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 257196123 347 EENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVtCTKC------GKRMNECPICR 386
Cdd:cd23132    1 EEFLCCICLDLLYKPVVLECGHVF-CFWCvhrcmnGYDESHCPLCR 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana SP1-like protein 2 (SPL2) and similar proteins; SPL2, also known as RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase SPL2, acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. SPL2 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 257196123 350 LCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRMNE-----CPICRQ 387
Cdd:cd23145    5 LCVVCLLRRRRVAFIECGHRVCCELCARRVTReanprCPVCRQ 47