?cl14813: GluZincin Superfamily (this model, PSSM-Id:301352 is obsolete and has been replaced by 472708)
 
Peptidase Gluzincin family (thermolysin-like proteinases, TLPs) includes peptidases M1, M2, M3, M4, M13, M32 and M36 (fungalysins) Gluzincin family (thermolysin-like peptidases or TLPs) includes several zinc-dependent metallopeptidases such as the M1, M2, M3, M4, M13, M32, M36 peptidases (MEROPS classification), and contain HEXXH and EXXXD motifs as part of their active site. All peptidases in this family bind a single catalytic zinc ion which is tetrahedrally co-ordinated by three amino acid ligands and a water molecule that forms the nucleophile on activation during catalysis. M1 family includes aminopeptidase N (APN) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types. LTA4H is a bifunctional enzyme, possessing an aminopeptidase as well as an epoxide hydrolase activity such that the two activities occupy different, but overlapping sites. The peptidase M3 or neurolysin-like family, includes M3, M2 and M32 metallopeptidases. The M3 peptidases have two subfamilies: M3A, includes thimet oligopeptidase (TOP; endopeptidase 3.4.24.15), neurolysin (3.4.24.16), and the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase; M3B contains oligopeptidase F. M2 peptidase angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) catalyzes the conversion of decapeptide angiotensin I to the potent vasopressor octapeptide angiotensin II. ACE is a key part of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure, thus ACE inhibitors are important for the treatment of hypertension. M32 family includes two eukaryotic enzymes from protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, a causative agent of Chagas' disease, and Leishmania major, a parasite that causes leishmaniasis, making them attractive targets for drug development. The M4 family includes secreted protease thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27), pseudolysin, aureolysin, neutral protease as well as fungalysin and bacillolysin (EC 3.4.24.28) that degrade extracellular proteins and peptides for bacterial nutrition, especially prior to sporulation. Thermolysin is widely used as a nonspecific protease to obtain fragments for peptide sequencing as well as in production of the artificial sweetener aspartame. M13 family includes neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) and endothelin-converting enzyme I (ECE-1, EC 3.4.24.71), which fulfill a broad range of physiological roles due to the greater variation in the S2' subsite allowing substrate specificity and are prime therapeutic targets for selective inhibition. Peptidase M36 (fungamysin) family includes endopeptidases from pathogenic fungi. Fungalysin hydrolyzes extracellular matrix proteins such as elastin and keratin. Aspergillus fumigatus causes the pulmonary disease aspergillosis by invading the lungs of immuno-compromised animals and secreting fungalysin that possibly breaks down proteinaceous structural barriers. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",